Articles

Benefits of radar-derived surface current assimilation for South of Africa ocean circulation

The oceanic circulation south of Africa is characterised by a complex dynamics with a strong variability due to the presence of the Agulhas current and numerous eddies. This area of interest is also the locati...

Authors: Xavier Couvelard, Christophe Messager, Pierrick Penven, Sébastien Smet and Philippe Lattes

Depth variation of seismic moment and recurrence interval in Japan

In repeating seismic event sequences within a specialized horizontal area, the moment magnitude is usually scaled with the recurrence interval. In addition to two horizontal dimensions, the vertical dimension ...

Authors: Yingfeng Ji and Shoichi Yoshioka

Asymmetry in the Earth’s magnetotail neutral sheet rotation due to IMF \(B_y\) sign?

Authors: Timo Pitkänen, Anita Kullen, Lei Cai, Jong-Sun Park, Heikki Vanhamäki, Maria Hamrin, Anita T. Aikio, G. Siung Chong, Alexandre De Spiegeleer and Quanqi Shi

Accessing future crop yield and crop water productivity over the Heihe River basin in northwest China under a changing climate

Quantitative evaluation of the response of crop yield and crop water productivity (CWP) to future climate change is important to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This study made such ...

Authors: Qi Liu, Jun Niu, Bellie Sivakumar, Risheng Ding and Sien Li

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strong natural hazards that are important for local and global air–sea interactions. This manuscript briefly reviews the knowledge about the upper ocean responses to TCs, including ...

Authors: Han Zhang, Hailun He, Wen-Zhou Zhang and Di Tian

Potential of deep predictive coding networks for spatiotemporal tsunami wavefield prediction

Data assimilation is a powerful tool for directly forecasting tsunami wavefields from the waveforms recorded at dense observational stations like S-Net without the need to know the earthquake source parameters...

Authors: Ardiansyah Fauzi and Norimi Mizutani

Two-year consecutive concurrences of positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Central Pacific El Niño preconditioned the 2019/2020 Australian “black summer” bushfires

The 2019/20 Australian black summer bushfires were particularly severe in many respects, including its early commencement, large spatial coverage, and large number of burning days, preceded by record dry and h...

Authors: Guojian Wang and Wenju Cai

Rebuild of the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC)—part 2: 1980–2010

The Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) remains in demand for a wide range of geophysical studies. Users of the ISC Bulletin benefit from its long-term coverage, the most comprehensive set...

Authors: Dmitry A. Storchak, James Harris, Lonn Brown, Kathrin Lieser, Blessing Shumba and Domenico Di Giacomo

Total and dissolved soil organic and inorganic carbon and their relationships in typical loess cropland of Fengu Basin

There is evidence of connections between soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) in dryland of north China. However, fractions of SOC and SIC and the relationship are not well understood in the Lo...

Authors: Tongping Lu, Xiujun Wang and Wenxi Zhang

Flow of Antarctic Bottom water from the Vema Channel

We analyze measurements of bottom currents and thermohaline properties of water north of the Vema Channel with the goal to find pathway continuations of Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel into t...

Authors: Eugene G. Morozov, Dmitry I. Frey and Roman Y. Tarakanov

Global optimization of a numerical two-layer model using observed data: a case study of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami

Following the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau, a considerable landslide occurred on the southwestern part of the volcano and, upon entering the sea, generated a large tsunami within the Sunda Strait, Indonesia...

Authors: K. Pakoksung, A. Suppasri, A. Muhari, Syamsidik and F. Imamura

Analysis of swarm earthquakes around Mt. Agung Bali, Indonesia prior to November 2017 eruption using regional BMKG network

Mt. Agung, located in Karangasem-Bali, Indonesia, had a significant increase of swarm earthquakes from September 2017 until the recent eruption in November 2017. To analyze the seismic swarm and its correlatio...

Authors: Mohamad Taufik Gunawan, Ridwan Kusnandar, Pepen Supendi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Nanang T. Puspito, Daryono, David P. Sahara and Zulfakriza

Regional climate modeling for Asia

The regional climate model (RCM) with higher resolution and sophisticated physical processes can reproduce and project fine-scale climate information, which cannot be captured by the global climate model (GCM)...

Authors: Dong-Kyou Lee and Dong-Hyun Cha

Evaluation of tropospheric ozone reanalyses with independent ozonesonde observations in East Asia

The modern reanalysis datasets provide not only meteorological variables, but also atmospheric chemical compositions such as tropospheric ozone and aerosol concentration. However, the quality of chemical compo...

Authors: Sunmin Park, Seok-Woo Son, Myung-Il Jung, Jinkyung Park and Sang Seo Park

The source detection of 28 September 2018 Sulawesi tsunami by using ionospheric GNSS total electron content disturbance

The 28 September 2018 magnitude Mw7.8 Palu, Indonesia earthquake (0.178° S, 119.840° E, depth 13 km) occurred at 10:02 UTC. The major earthquake triggered catastrophic liquefaction, landslides, and a near-fiel...

Authors: Jann-Yenq Liu, Chi-Yen Lin, Yuh-Ing Chen, Tso-Ren Wu, Meng-Ju Chung, Tien-Chi Liu, Yu-Lin Tsai, Loren C. Chang, Chi-Kuang Chao, Dimitar Ouzounov and Katsumi Hattori

The turbulent dynamics of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s weather layers: order out of chaos?

The weather layers of the gas giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, comprise the shallow atmospheric layers that are influenced energetically by a combination of incoming solar radiation and localised latent heat...

Authors: Peter L. Read, Roland M. B. Young and Daniel Kennedy

Processing of volcano infrasound using film sound audio post-production techniques to improve signal detection via array processing

The use of infrasound for the early detection of volcanic events has been shown to be effective over large distances, and unlike visual methods, is not weather dependent. Signals recorded via an infrasound arr...

Authors: Ross Adrian Williams, Anna Perttu and Benoit Taisne

Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) quantification in sedimentary magnetism: limitations of existing proxies and ways forward

Determination of hematite contributions to sedimentary magnetizations is an important but difficult task in quantitative environmental studies. The poorly crystalline and fine-grained nature of hematite nanopa...

Authors: Andrew P. Roberts, Xiang Zhao, David Heslop, Alexandra Abrajevitch, Yen-Hua Chen, Pengxiang Hu, Zhaoxia Jiang, Qingsong Liu and Brad J. Pillans

On the cloud radiative effect for tropical high clouds overlying low clouds

Since high and low clouds ubiquitously overlie the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) region, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) cannot be influenced by either high or low clouds, but by combinations of the clouds. ...

Authors: Hyoji Kang, Yong-Sang Choi, Jiwon Hwang and Hye-Sil Kim

Study on streamflow response to land use change over the upper reaches of Zhanghe Reservoir in the Yangtze River basin

The Zhanghe Reservoir in Yangtze River basin plays a key role in fulfilling the crop water requirements of the irrigation area in its downstream region. This study employs the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment T...

Authors: Yuqi Chen, Jun Niu, Yuqing Sun, Qi Liu, Sien Li, Peng Li, Liqun Sun and Qinglan Li

Understanding and reconstructing the coastal sea level variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific

To better understand the coastal sea level (SL) variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific, we quantitatively estimate the contributions of various forcing to the coastal SL variations on seaso...

Authors: Penghui Li and Fanghua Xu

A full-polarization GNSS-R Delay-Doppler-Map (DDM) simulator for bare soil freeze/thaw process detection

The soil freeze/thaw processes have a significant impact on the surface energy and moisture balance, which play a key role in ecosystem diversity and productivity. The air-/space-borne Global Navigation Satell...

Authors: Xuerui Wu, Shuanggen Jin and Xinqiu Ouyang

Impacts of ocean current–atmosphere interactions on mesoscale eddy energetics in the Kuroshio extension region

The surface ocean current’s imprint on the wind stress (known as the current feedback) has a significant influence on the wind power input to the ocean. In this study, we investigate the effect of the current ...

Authors: Xuan Shan, Zhao Jing, Bingrong Sun and Lixin Wu

Seismic Hazard Function (SHF) study of coastal sources of Sumatra Island: SHF evaluation of Padang and Bengkulu cities

Significant earthquakes on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, have predominantly been earthquakes with a thrust mechanism that occurred due to the subduction process and seismotectonics near coastal cities of W...

Authors: Wahyu Triyoso, Aris Suwondo, Tedi Yudistira and David P. Sahara

Development of the Palu–Koro Fault in NW Palu Valley, Indonesia

The 220-km-long Palu–Koro Fault, Central Sulawesi, is a major fault with prominent expression in Eastern Indonesia. Many studies about the Palu–Koro Fault have shown its capability of generating large earthqua...

Authors: Adi Patria and Purna Sulastya Putra

Potential deployment of offshore bottom pressure gauges and adoption of data assimilation for tsunami warning system in the western Mediterranean Sea

Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) is among tsunamigenic zones with numerous historical records of tsunami damage and deaths. Most recently, a moderate tsunami on 21 May 2003 offshore Algeria, North Africa, was...

Authors: Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Yuchen Wang, Kenji Satake and Iyan E. Mulia

Hypocenter relocation of the aftershocks of the Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake (September 28, 2018) and swarm earthquakes of Mamasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the BMKG network data

On September 28, 2018, the Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This earthquake produced strong tremors, landslides, liquefaction and a tsunami and caused thousands of fatalities an...

Authors: Pepen Supendi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Sri Widiyantoro, Chalid Idham Abdullah, Nanang T. Puspito, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, D. Daryono and Samsul Hadi Wiyono

Deriving intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves using downscaled in situ rainfall assimilated with remote sensing data

The rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves play an important role in water resources engineering and management. The applications of IDF curves range from assessing rainfall events, classifying cli...

Authors: Yabin Sun, Dadiyorto Wendi, Dong Eon Kim and Shie-Yui Liong

Prevalence of asymmetrical rupture in small earthquakes and its effect on the estimation of stress drop: a systematic investigation in inland Japan

Stress drops of small earthquakes have been estimated under the assumption that the rupture propagates symmetrically within a circular fault. However, recent studies have observed directivity effects on seismi...

Authors: Keisuke Yoshida

An evaluation of the performance of vertical mixing parameterizations for tidal mixing in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)

Vertical mixing is important in the ocean for maintaining its stratification, redistributing temperature and salinity, distributing nutrients and pollutants, and the energy cascade. It plays a key role in ocea...

Authors: Robin Robertson and Changming Dong

GNSS brings us back on the ground from ionosphere

Both solar activities from above and perturbations of Earth’s surface and troposphere from below disturb ionospheric structure and its dynamics. Numerous ionospheric phenomena remain unexplained due to the com...

Authors: Yang-Yi Sun

A review of the seismotectonics of the Makran Subduction Zone as a baseline for Tsunami Hazard Assessments

The Makran Accretionary Wedge (900 km across) is a consequence of northward subduction of the oceanic part of the Arabian Plate beneath the Lut and Afghan blocks in the northwestern Indian Ocean. It has a comp...

Authors: Mohammad Mokhtari, Ahmad Ala Amjadi, Leila Mahshadnia and Mandana Rafizadeh

Resonant Kuiper belt objects: a review

Our understanding of the history of the solar system has undergone a revolution in recent years, owing to new theoretical insights into the origin of Pluto and the discovery of the Kuiper belt and its rich dyn...

Authors: Renu Malhotra

Effects of the interplanetary magnetic field y component on the dayside aurora

A dawn–dusk asymmetry in many high-latitude ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena, including the aurora, can be linked to the east–west (y) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Owing to the sc...

Authors: K. Liou and E. Mitchell

Landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Landslides are common natural disasters in Bogor, Indonesia, triggered by a combination of factors including slope aspect, soil type and bedrock lithology, land cover and land use, and hydrologic conditions. I...

Authors: Florence Elfriede Sinthauli Silalahi, Pamela, Yukni Arifianti and Fahrul Hidayat

Shallow seismic reflection imaging of the Inabanga–Clarin portion of the North Bohol Fault, Central Visayas, Philippines

On 15 October 2013, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake was generated from a previously unidentified fault in the island of Bohol. This fault was named the North Bohol Fault (NBF) by authorities. We investigated the ge...

Authors: Romer Carlo T. Gacusan and Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. Lagmay

GPS-based slip models of one M_w 7.2 and twenty moderate earthquakes along the Sumatran plate boundary

Earthquake-induced deformation along the Sumatran plate boundary has been monitored by the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr) since 2002. This continuous GPS network recorded the coseismic deformation of 10 earthquake...

Authors: Nathanael Z. Wong, Lujia Feng and Emma M. Hill

Multi-channel waveform clustering: a first look at microseismic multiplets from coalbed methane stimulation

Interpreting microseismic events triggered by reservoir stimulation (especially hydraulic fracturing) has become a common practice to understand fracture dimension and geometry. In this area of study, the need...

Authors: Tepy Septyana, Andri Dian Nugraha, Sri Widiyantoro and Supriyono

A fortnightly atmospheric ‘tide’ at Bali caused by oceanic tidal mixing in Lombok Strait

Strong tidal currents in and around the narrow straits of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, affect ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) via non-linear tide-induced mixing. A fortnightly spring–neap cycle in...

Authors: Richard D. Ray and R. Dwi Susanto

A probabilistic approach to the seismic hazard in Kashmir basin, NW Himalaya

Northwestern Himalaya is one of the most tectonically active domains of the Himalayan arc. The prevailing complex collisional tectonic setup is able to produce destructive earthquakes, most recent being the 8 ...

Authors: Hamid Sana

Urban heat island modelling of a tropical city: case of Kuala Lumpur

The steep increase in urban populations results in the spatial extent of cities expanding both horizontally and vertically. The climatic response of urban areas differs greatly to rural areas exposed to the sa...

Authors: Kai Wang, Yasemin D. Aktas, Jenny Stocker, David Carruthers, Julian Hunt and Liora Malki-Epshtein

A survey of submesoscale currents

Submesoscale currents are pervasive throughout the ocean. They have intermediate space and time scales—neither mesoscale nor microscale—that have made them elusive for measurements and modeling until recently....

Authors: James C. McWilliams

High-resolution calculation of the urban vegetation fraction in the Pearl River Delta from the Sentinel-2 NDVI for urban climate model parameterization

The European Space Agency recently launched the Sentinel mission to perform terrestrial observations in support of tasks such as monitoring forests, detecting land-cover changes, and managing natural disasters...

Authors: Michael Mau Fung Wong, Jimmy Chi Hung Fung and Peter Pak Shing Yeung

Characteristics of two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Greater Jakarta: case of heavy rainfall period 15–18 January 2013

Two different mesoscale convective system (MCS) events that produced the heavy rainfall over the Greater Jakarta (GJ) during 15–18 January 2013 period were investigated. The purpose of the present study is to ...

Authors: Danang Eko Nuryanto, Hidayat Pawitan, Rahmat Hidayat and Edvin Aldrian

Identification of active faults in West Java, Indonesia, based on earthquake hypocenter determination, relocation, and focal mechanism analysis

We determined earthquake locations through re-picking of P- and S-wave arrival times recorded by BMKG network. Earthquake locations were determined using Hypoellipse code that employs a single event determinat...

Authors: Pepen Supendi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Nanang T. Puspito, Sri Widiyantoro and Daryono Daryono

Probabilistic and deterministic estimates of near-field tsunami hazards in northeast Oman

Tsunamis generated along the Makran subduction zone (MSZ) threaten the Sur coast of Oman, according to deterministic and probabilistic analyses presented here. A validated shallow water numerical code simulate...

Authors: I. El-Hussain, R. Omira, Z. Al-Habsi, M. A. Baptista, A. Deif and A. M. E. Mohamed

High-frequency ocean radar support for Tsunami Early Warning Systems

A high-frequency (HF) ocean radar system is a shore-based remote sensing system to simultaneously monitor ocean surface currents, waves and wind far beyond the horizon. The system operation is based on electro...

Authors: Anna Dzvonkovskaya, Leif Petersen, Thomas Helzel and Matthias Kniephoff

Features of sea–land-breeze circulation over the Seoul Metropolitan Area

Local circulation plays an important role in producing high-resolution meteorological and air quality information. In this study, detailed surface meteorological and vertical profile features about sea and lan...

Authors: Moon-Soo Park and Jung-Hoon Chae

WRF-urban canopy model evaluation for the assessment of heat island and thermal comfort over an urban airshed in India under varying land use/land cover conditions

Urban heat island effect has been assessed using weather research and forecasting model (WRF v3.5) focusing on air temperature and surface skin temperature in the sub-tropical urban Indian megacity of Delhi. I...

Authors: Shweta Bhati and Manju Mohan

Variations in soil moisture and their impact on land–air interactions during a 6-month drought period in Taiwan

This work is a follow-up study to Lin and Cheng (J Hydrometeorol 17:1337–1355, 2016). In our previous study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model was applied to investigate the impact of soil moisture initi...

Authors: Fang-Yi Cheng and Yi Chen