Articles

Nowcasting earthquakes in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia

Large devastating events such as earthquakes often display frequency–magnitude statistics that exhibit power-law distribution. In this study, we implement a recently developed method called earthquake nowcasti...

Authors: Sumanta Pasari, Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak, Neha and Yogendra Sharma

Infrasound detection and altitude estimation associated with the December 22, 2020 Yushu fireball

Authors: Wei Cheng, Pengxiao Teng, Jun Lyu and Yijing Dai

Forest canopy scattering properties with signal of opportunity reflectometry: theoretical simulations

In recent years, signal of opportunity reflectometry (SoOp-R) has become a promising remote sensing technique. This emerging technique employs the reflected signals from existing Global Navigation Satellite Sy...

Authors: Xuerui Wu, Andrés Calabia, Jin Xu, Weihua Bai and Peng Guo

Strategies for smarter catchment hydrology models: incorporating scaling and better process representation

Hydrological models have proliferated in the past several decades prompting debates on the virtues and shortcomings of various modelling approaches. Rather than critiquing individual models or modelling approa...

Authors: Roy C. Sidle

Imaging ground surface deformations in post-disaster settings via small UAVs

Small unmanned aerial vehicles have been seeing increased deployment in field surveys in recent years. Their portability, maneuverability, and high-resolution imaging are useful in mapping surface features tha...

Authors: Richard L. Ybañez, Audrei Anne B. Ybañez, Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. Lagmay and Mario A. Aurelio

Weakened seasonality of the African rainforest precipitation in boreal winter and spring driven by tropical SST variabilities

Precipitation in the equatorial African rainforest plays an important role in both the regional hydrological cycle and the global climate variability. Previous studies mostly focus on the trends of drought in ...

Authors: Xin-Yue Wang, Jiang Zhu, Meijiao Xin, Chentao Song, Yadi Li, Yi Zhou and Xichen Li

The effects of ENSO, climate change and human activities on the water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia: a critical literature review

This research quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the factors responsible for the water level variations in Lake Toba, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. According to several studies carried out from 199...

Authors: Hendri Irwandi, Mohammad Syamsu Rosid and Terry Mart

Complex tsunami hazards in eastern Indonesia from seismic and non-seismic sources: Deterministic modelling based on historical and modern data

Eastern Indonesia is one of the world’s most complex regions in terms of tsunami hazards, as it accommodates numerous seismic and non-seismic tsunami sources with a history of deadly tsunamis. This study is an...

Authors: Ignatius R. Pranantyo, Mohammad Heidarzadeh and Phil R. Cummins

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

River Hooghly, a tributary of river Ganges is one of the major rivers of Asia having traditional, social, economic, religious, and spiritual values. Water samples were collected from 18 sampling locations of r...

Authors: Somdeep Ghosh, Madhurima Bakshi, Shouvik Mahanty, Tanushree Gaine, Subarna Bhattacharyya, Jayanta Kumar Biswas and Punarbasu Chaudhuri

Perspectives on eco-water security and sustainable development in the Yangtze River Basin

The Yangtze River, the largest river in China, has been facing major challenges in massive flooding and eco-environmental health over the past decades. Sustainable socioeconomic development in the Yangtze Rive...

Authors: Jun Xia, Zhe Li, Sidong Zeng, Lei Zou, Dunxian She and Dandong Cheng

Underestimated responses of Walker circulation to ENSO-related SST anomaly in atmospheric and coupled models

The Pacific Walker circulation (WC) is a major component of the global climate system. It connects the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability to the climate variabilities from the other ocean basins...

Authors: Xin-Yue Wang, Jiang Zhu, Chueh-Hsin Chang, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Hailong Liu, Yadi Li, Chentao Song, Meijiao Xin, Yi Zhou and Xichen Li

Local and remote SST variability contribute to the westward shift of the Pacific Walker circulation during 1979–2015

During the modern satellite era since 1979, the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) experienced an intensification and a westward shift, which has broad impacts on the global climate variability. While the streng...

Authors: Xichen Li, Xinyue Wang, Tao Lian, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Jiang Zhu, Chueh-Hsin Chang, Hailong Liu and Wenzhu Wang

Groundwater aquifer detection using the electrical resistivity method at Ito Campus, Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan)

An electrical resistivity survey was carried out using the pole–pole configuration around the Sayanokami spring area in the northern part of Ito Campus (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) to study the groundwa...

Authors: Shafiqullah Wahab, Hakim Saibi and Hideki Mizunaga

Correlation-aided method for identification and gradation of periodicities in hydrologic time series

Identification of periodicities in hydrological time series and evaluation of their statistical significance are not only important for water-related studies, but also challenging issues due to the complex var...

Authors: Ping Xie, Linqian Wu, Yan-Fang Sang, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Jie Chen, Ziyi Wu and Yaqing Li

On the geophysical processes impacting palaeo-sea-level observations

Past sea-level change represents the large-scale state of global climate, reflecting the waxing and waning of global ice sheets and the corresponding effect on ocean volume. Recent developments in sampling and...

Authors: Yusuke Yokoyama and Anthony Purcell

Arsenic in the Pearl River Delta and its related waterbody, South China: occurrence and sources, a review

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is a densely populated special economic zone in South China where rapid development since the late 1990s coincided with an increase of many environmental problems in recent years. O...

Authors: Chen Luo, Joyanto Routh, Dinggui Luo, Lezhang Wei and Yu Liu

Bistatic scattering simulations of circular and linear polarizations over land surface for signals of opportunity reflectometry

Signals of Opportunity Reflectometry (SoOp-R) employs the communication system, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellation and other potential Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) as the transmitters. In...

Authors: Xuerui Wu, Yezhi Song, Jin Xu, Zheng Duan and Shuanggen Jin

Isolating non-subduction-driven tectonic processes in Cascadia

Several tectonic processes combine to produce the crustal deformation observed across the Cascadia margin: (1) Cascadia subduction, (2) the northward propagation of the Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), (3) the...

Authors: K. A. McKenzie and K. P. Furlong

The waveform inversion of mainshock and aftershock data of the 2006 M6.3 Yogyakarta earthquake

This study comprehensively investigates the source mechanisms associated with the mainshock and aftershocks of the Mw = 6.3 Yogyakarta earthquake which occurred on May 27, 2006. The process involved using mome...

Authors: Hijrah Saputra, Wahyudi Wahyudi, Iman Suardi, Ade Anggraini and Wiwit Suryanto

CMIP6 model-based analog forecasting for the seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature in the offshore area of China

Seasonal forecasts at lead times of 1–12 months for sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTAs) in the offshore area of China are a considerable challenge for climate prediction in China. Previous research...

Authors: Weiying Peng, Quanliang Chen, Shijie Zhou and Ping Huang

Oil spill discrimination of multi-time-domain shipborne radar images using active contour model

Accidental oil spills cause serious pollution to the ocean and are difficult to control in short time. It is an important guarantee for emergency disposal to effectively monitor oil spills. Remote sensing is t...

Authors: Jin Xu, Xinxiang Pan, Xuerui Wu, Baozhu Jia, Juan Fei, Haixia Wang, Bo Li and Can Cui

Geochemical approaches in tsunami research: current knowledge and challenges

Over the past decade or so, geochemical techniques have been applied to the study of modern and past tsunamis. Seawater incursions and the introduction of marine organic matter can be detected through geochemi...

Authors: Tetsuya Shinozaki

Benefits of radar-derived surface current assimilation for South of Africa ocean circulation

The oceanic circulation south of Africa is characterised by a complex dynamics with a strong variability due to the presence of the Agulhas current and numerous eddies. This area of interest is also the locati...

Authors: Xavier Couvelard, Christophe Messager, Pierrick Penven, Sébastien Smet and Philippe Lattes

Depth variation of seismic moment and recurrence interval in Japan

In repeating seismic event sequences within a specialized horizontal area, the moment magnitude is usually scaled with the recurrence interval. In addition to two horizontal dimensions, the vertical dimension ...

Authors: Yingfeng Ji and Shoichi Yoshioka

Asymmetry in the Earth’s magnetotail neutral sheet rotation due to IMF \(B_y\) sign?

Authors: Timo Pitkänen, Anita Kullen, Lei Cai, Jong-Sun Park, Heikki Vanhamäki, Maria Hamrin, Anita T. Aikio, G. Siung Chong, Alexandre De Spiegeleer and Quanqi Shi

Accessing future crop yield and crop water productivity over the Heihe River basin in northwest China under a changing climate

Quantitative evaluation of the response of crop yield and crop water productivity (CWP) to future climate change is important to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This study made such ...

Authors: Qi Liu, Jun Niu, Bellie Sivakumar, Risheng Ding and Sien Li

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strong natural hazards that are important for local and global air–sea interactions. This manuscript briefly reviews the knowledge about the upper ocean responses to TCs, including ...

Authors: Han Zhang, Hailun He, Wen-Zhou Zhang and Di Tian

Potential of deep predictive coding networks for spatiotemporal tsunami wavefield prediction

Data assimilation is a powerful tool for directly forecasting tsunami wavefields from the waveforms recorded at dense observational stations like S-Net without the need to know the earthquake source parameters...

Authors: Ardiansyah Fauzi and Norimi Mizutani

Two-year consecutive concurrences of positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Central Pacific El Niño preconditioned the 2019/2020 Australian “black summer” bushfires

The 2019/20 Australian black summer bushfires were particularly severe in many respects, including its early commencement, large spatial coverage, and large number of burning days, preceded by record dry and h...

Authors: Guojian Wang and Wenju Cai

Rebuild of the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC)—part 2: 1980–2010

The Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) remains in demand for a wide range of geophysical studies. Users of the ISC Bulletin benefit from its long-term coverage, the most comprehensive set...

Authors: Dmitry A. Storchak, James Harris, Lonn Brown, Kathrin Lieser, Blessing Shumba and Domenico Di Giacomo

Total and dissolved soil organic and inorganic carbon and their relationships in typical loess cropland of Fengu Basin

There is evidence of connections between soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) in dryland of north China. However, fractions of SOC and SIC and the relationship are not well understood in the Lo...

Authors: Tongping Lu, Xiujun Wang and Wenxi Zhang

Flow of Antarctic Bottom water from the Vema Channel

We analyze measurements of bottom currents and thermohaline properties of water north of the Vema Channel with the goal to find pathway continuations of Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel into t...

Authors: Eugene G. Morozov, Dmitry I. Frey and Roman Y. Tarakanov

Global optimization of a numerical two-layer model using observed data: a case study of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami

Following the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau, a considerable landslide occurred on the southwestern part of the volcano and, upon entering the sea, generated a large tsunami within the Sunda Strait, Indonesia...

Authors: K. Pakoksung, A. Suppasri, A. Muhari, Syamsidik and F. Imamura

Analysis of swarm earthquakes around Mt. Agung Bali, Indonesia prior to November 2017 eruption using regional BMKG network

Mt. Agung, located in Karangasem-Bali, Indonesia, had a significant increase of swarm earthquakes from September 2017 until the recent eruption in November 2017. To analyze the seismic swarm and its correlatio...

Authors: Mohamad Taufik Gunawan, Ridwan Kusnandar, Pepen Supendi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Nanang T. Puspito, Daryono, David P. Sahara and Zulfakriza

Regional climate modeling for Asia

The regional climate model (RCM) with higher resolution and sophisticated physical processes can reproduce and project fine-scale climate information, which cannot be captured by the global climate model (GCM)...

Authors: Dong-Kyou Lee and Dong-Hyun Cha

Evaluation of tropospheric ozone reanalyses with independent ozonesonde observations in East Asia

The modern reanalysis datasets provide not only meteorological variables, but also atmospheric chemical compositions such as tropospheric ozone and aerosol concentration. However, the quality of chemical compo...

Authors: Sunmin Park, Seok-Woo Son, Myung-Il Jung, Jinkyung Park and Sang Seo Park

The source detection of 28 September 2018 Sulawesi tsunami by using ionospheric GNSS total electron content disturbance

The 28 September 2018 magnitude Mw7.8 Palu, Indonesia earthquake (0.178° S, 119.840° E, depth 13 km) occurred at 10:02 UTC. The major earthquake triggered catastrophic liquefaction, landslides, and a near-fiel...

Authors: Jann-Yenq Liu, Chi-Yen Lin, Yuh-Ing Chen, Tso-Ren Wu, Meng-Ju Chung, Tien-Chi Liu, Yu-Lin Tsai, Loren C. Chang, Chi-Kuang Chao, Dimitar Ouzounov and Katsumi Hattori

The turbulent dynamics of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s weather layers: order out of chaos?

The weather layers of the gas giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, comprise the shallow atmospheric layers that are influenced energetically by a combination of incoming solar radiation and localised latent heat...

Authors: Peter L. Read, Roland M. B. Young and Daniel Kennedy

Processing of volcano infrasound using film sound audio post-production techniques to improve signal detection via array processing

The use of infrasound for the early detection of volcanic events has been shown to be effective over large distances, and unlike visual methods, is not weather dependent. Signals recorded via an infrasound arr...

Authors: Ross Adrian Williams, Anna Perttu and Benoit Taisne

Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) quantification in sedimentary magnetism: limitations of existing proxies and ways forward

Determination of hematite contributions to sedimentary magnetizations is an important but difficult task in quantitative environmental studies. The poorly crystalline and fine-grained nature of hematite nanopa...

Authors: Andrew P. Roberts, Xiang Zhao, David Heslop, Alexandra Abrajevitch, Yen-Hua Chen, Pengxiang Hu, Zhaoxia Jiang, Qingsong Liu and Brad J. Pillans

On the cloud radiative effect for tropical high clouds overlying low clouds

Since high and low clouds ubiquitously overlie the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) region, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) cannot be influenced by either high or low clouds, but by combinations of the clouds. ...

Authors: Hyoji Kang, Yong-Sang Choi, Jiwon Hwang and Hye-Sil Kim

Study on streamflow response to land use change over the upper reaches of Zhanghe Reservoir in the Yangtze River basin

The Zhanghe Reservoir in Yangtze River basin plays a key role in fulfilling the crop water requirements of the irrigation area in its downstream region. This study employs the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment T...

Authors: Yuqi Chen, Jun Niu, Yuqing Sun, Qi Liu, Sien Li, Peng Li, Liqun Sun and Qinglan Li

Understanding and reconstructing the coastal sea level variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific

To better understand the coastal sea level (SL) variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific, we quantitatively estimate the contributions of various forcing to the coastal SL variations on seaso...

Authors: Penghui Li and Fanghua Xu

A full-polarization GNSS-R Delay-Doppler-Map (DDM) simulator for bare soil freeze/thaw process detection

The soil freeze/thaw processes have a significant impact on the surface energy and moisture balance, which play a key role in ecosystem diversity and productivity. The air-/space-borne Global Navigation Satell...

Authors: Xuerui Wu, Shuanggen Jin and Xinqiu Ouyang

Impacts of ocean current–atmosphere interactions on mesoscale eddy energetics in the Kuroshio extension region

The surface ocean current’s imprint on the wind stress (known as the current feedback) has a significant influence on the wind power input to the ocean. In this study, we investigate the effect of the current ...

Authors: Xuan Shan, Zhao Jing, Bingrong Sun and Lixin Wu

Seismic Hazard Function (SHF) study of coastal sources of Sumatra Island: SHF evaluation of Padang and Bengkulu cities

Significant earthquakes on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, have predominantly been earthquakes with a thrust mechanism that occurred due to the subduction process and seismotectonics near coastal cities of W...

Authors: Wahyu Triyoso, Aris Suwondo, Tedi Yudistira and David P. Sahara

Development of the Palu–Koro Fault in NW Palu Valley, Indonesia

The 220-km-long Palu–Koro Fault, Central Sulawesi, is a major fault with prominent expression in Eastern Indonesia. Many studies about the Palu–Koro Fault have shown its capability of generating large earthqua...

Authors: Adi Patria and Purna Sulastya Putra

Potential deployment of offshore bottom pressure gauges and adoption of data assimilation for tsunami warning system in the western Mediterranean Sea

Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) is among tsunamigenic zones with numerous historical records of tsunami damage and deaths. Most recently, a moderate tsunami on 21 May 2003 offshore Algeria, North Africa, was...

Authors: Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Yuchen Wang, Kenji Satake and Iyan E. Mulia

Hypocenter relocation of the aftershocks of the Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake (September 28, 2018) and swarm earthquakes of Mamasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the BMKG network data

On September 28, 2018, the Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This earthquake produced strong tremors, landslides, liquefaction and a tsunami and caused thousands of fatalities an...

Authors: Pepen Supendi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Sri Widiyantoro, Chalid Idham Abdullah, Nanang T. Puspito, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, D. Daryono and Samsul Hadi Wiyono

Prevalence of asymmetrical rupture in small earthquakes and its effect on the estimation of stress drop: a systematic investigation in inland Japan

Stress drops of small earthquakes have been estimated under the assumption that the rupture propagates symmetrically within a circular fault. However, recent studies have observed directivity effects on seismi...

Authors: Keisuke Yoshida