Articles

Frozen-in condition for ions and electrons: implication on magnetic flux transport by dipolarizing flux bundles

The ability of dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) in transporting magnetic flux from the mid-tail reconnection site for near-Earth dipolarization is evaluated by two methods: the generalized Ohm’s law and the co...

Authors: A. T. Y. Lui

The transition region above sunspots

Over decades, sunspots and their fine structures have been studied in detail at the photospheric level with different ground-based telescopes, as the surface of the Sun primarily emits light in the visible wav...

Authors: Hui Tian, Tanmoy Samanta and Jingwen Zhang

The Indonesian throughflow, its variability and centennial change

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is an important component of the upper cell of the global overturning circulation that provides a low-latitude pathway for warm, fresh waters from the Pacific to enter the Indi...

Authors: Ming Feng, Ningning Zhang, Qinyan Liu and Susan Wijffels

Tsunami source and inundation features around Sendai Coast, Japan, due to the November 22, 2016 M_w 6.9 Fukushima earthquake

The tsunami source of the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake, which was generated by a normal faulting earthquake mechanism, is estimated by inverting the tsunami waveforms that were recorded by seven tide gauge statio...

Authors: Bruno Adriano, Yushiro Fujii and Shunichi Koshimura

Structural change of the frustule of diatom by thermal treatment

The external skeleton, frustule, of a diatom is composed of hydrous amorphous silica and amino acids. In this study, the structural changes in the frustule of Chaetoceros calcitrans after thermal treatment up to ...

Authors: Akane Arasuna and Masayuki Okuno

Different depths of near-trench slips of the 1896 Sanriku and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes

The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was a typical ‘tsunami earthquake’ which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking. It occurred along the Japan Trench in the northern tsunami source area of the 2011 Toh...

Authors: Kenji Satake, Yushiro Fujii and Shigeru Yamaki

Rebuild of the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC), part 1: 1964–1979

The data from the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) have always been and still remain in demand for a wide range of studies in Geosciences. The unique features of the Bulletin include lo...

Authors: Dmitry A. Storchak, James Harris, Lonn Brown, Kathrin Lieser, Blessing Shumba, Rebecca Verney, Domenico Di Giacomo and Edith I. M. Korger

Bodrum–Kos (Turkey–Greece) Mw 6.6 earthquake and tsunami of 20 July 2017: a test for the Mediterranean tsunami warning system

Various Tsunami Service Providers (TSPs) within the Mediterranean Basin supply tsunami warnings including CAT-INGV (Italy), KOERI-RETMC (Turkey), and NOA/HL-NTWC (Greece). The 20 July 2017 Bodrum–Kos (Turkey–G...

Authors: Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Ocal Necmioglu, Takeo Ishibe and Ahmet C. Yalciner

Ellerman bombs observed with the new vacuum solar telescope and the atmospheric imaging assembly onboard the solar dynamics observatory

Ellerman bombs (EBs) are believed to be small-scale reconnection events occurring around the temperature minimum region in the solar atmosphere. They are often identified as significant enhancements in the ext...

Authors: Yajie Chen, Hui Tian, Zhi Xu, Yongyuan Xiang, Yuliang Fang and Zihao Yang

Relationship between the Northern Pacific Gyre Oscillation and tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopes in northeastern Japan

The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) significantly imprints on hydrological fluctuations of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, but this has not yet been observed in proxy-based hydroclimate reco...

Authors: Wataru Sakashita, Hiroko Miyahara, Yusuke Yokoyama, Takahiro Aze, Stephen P. Obrochta and Takeshi Nakatsuka

Changing circulation structure and precipitation characteristics in Asian monsoon regions: greenhouse warming vs. aerosol effects

Using model outputs from CMIP5 historical integrations, we have investigated the relative roles of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and aerosols in changing the characteristics of the large-sc...

Authors: William K. M. Lau, Kyu-Myong Kim and L. Ruby Leung

Introduction to the thematic series “Coupling of the magnetosphere–ionosphere system”

This thematic series contains 4 papers mostly presented at the 2016 AOGS meeting in Beijing. The four papers investigate four key regions in the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling process: mid-tail magnetospher...

Authors: Z. H. Yao, K. R. Murphy, I. J. Rae and N. Balan

Introduction to thematic collection “Historical and geological studies of earthquakes”

This thematic collection contains eight papers mostly presented at the 2016 AOGS meeting in Beijing. Four papers describe historical earthquake studies in Europe, Japan, and China; one paper uses modern instru...

Authors: Kenji Satake, Jian Wang, Christa Hammerl and Javed N. Malik

Soil erosion modeled with USLE, GIS, and remote sensing: a case study of Ikkour watershed in Middle Atlas (Morocco)

The Ikkour watershed located in the Middle Atlas Mountain (Morocco) has been a subject of serious soil erosion problems. This study aimed to assess the soil erosion susceptibility in this mountainous watershed...

Authors: Aafaf El Jazouli, Ahmed Barakat, Abdessamad Ghafiri, Saida El Moutaki, Abderrahim Ettaqy and Rida Khellouk

Surface wind mixing in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)

Mixing at the ocean surface is key for atmosphere–ocean interactions and the distribution of heat, energy, and gases in the upper ocean. Winds are the primary force for surface mixing. To properly simulate upp...

Authors: Robin Robertson and Paul Hartlipp

Using ultra-low frequency waves and their characteristics to diagnose key physics of substorm onset

Substorm onset is marked in the ionosphere by the sudden brightening of an existing auroral arc or the creation of a new auroral arc. Also present is the formation of auroral beads, proposed to play a key role...

Authors: I. J. Rae, K. R. Murphy, Clare E. J. Watt, Ian R. Mann, Zhonghua Yao, Nadine M. E. Kalmoni, Colin Forsyth and David K. Milling

Climate variability and causes: from the perspective of the Tharaka people of eastern Kenya

The study assessed community understanding of climate variability in semi-arid Tharaka sub-county, Kenya. The study used four focus group discussions (FGD) (N = 48) and a household survey (N = 326) to obtain info...

Authors: Charles W. Recha, George L. Makokha and Chris A. Shisanya

Late Quaternary eruption of the Ranau Caldera and new geological slip rates of the Sumatran Fault Zone in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia

Over the last decade, studies of natural hazards in Sumatra have focused primarily on great earthquakes and associated tsunamis produced by rupture of the Sunda megathrust. However, the Sumatran Fault and the ...

Authors: Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, Kyle Bradley, Mudrik R. Daryono, Sonny Aribowo and Jason Herrin

Resonance zones for interactions of magnetosonic waves with radiation belt electrons and protons

As an important plasma wave mode in the geospace, magnetosonic waves can interact with both radiation belt electrons and protons, thereby impacting the dynamics of magnetospheric particles. Based on the Dopple...

Authors: Wenxun Zhang, Ruoxian Zhou, Juan Yi, Xudong Gu, Binbin Ni, Chengyao Zheng and Man Hua

Overestimation of the earthquake hazard along the Himalaya: constraints in bracketing of medieval earthquakes from paleoseismic studies

The Himalaya is one of the most seismically active regions of the world. The occurrence of several large magnitude earthquakes viz. 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8), 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.2), 1950 A...

Authors: Shreya Arora and Javed N. Malik

Current structure and flow pattern on the electron separatrix in reconnection region

Results from 2.5D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of symmetric reconnection with negligible guide field reveal that the accessible boundary of the electrons accelerated in the magnetic reconnection region i...

Authors: Ruilong Guo, Zuyin Pu and Yong Wei

Asteroid spin-rate studies using large sky-field surveys

Eight campaigns to survey asteroid rotation periods have been carried out using the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory in the past 3 years. 2780 reliable rotation periods were obtained, from which we ident...

Authors: Chan-Kao Chang, Hsing-Wen Lin, Wing-Huen Ip, Thomas A. Prince, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, David Levitan, Russ Laher and Jason Surace

Transport properties of soil particles in Sakiyamawan–Amitoriwan nature conservation area, Iriomote Island, Japan

The actual states of soil particle transport in and exchange between the Sakiyama and Amitori bays, Iriomote Island, Japan, were investigated using atmosphere–ocean–river observations and numerical simulations...

Authors: Shinya Shimokawa, Tomokazu Murakami, Hiroyoshi Kohno and Akira Mizutani

Radiocarbon variability recorded in coral skeletons from the northwest of Luzon Island, Philippines

The North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcates at the eastern coast of the Philippines and moves northward as the Kuroshio, a North Pacific western boundary current. The NEC bifurcation point and Kuroshio varia...

Authors: Shoko Hirabayashi, Yusuke Yokoyama, Atsushi Suzuki, Yosuke Miyairi, Takahiro Aze, Fernando Siringan and Yasuo Maeda

Imaging of upper crustal structure beneath East Java–Bali, Indonesia with ambient noise tomography

The complex geological structures in East Java and Bali provide important opportunities for natural resource exploitation, but also harbor perils associated with natural disasters. Such a condition makes the E...

Authors: Agustya Adi Martha, Phil Cummins, Erdinc Saygin, Sri Widiyantoro and Masturyono

A meteor shockwave event recorded at seismic and infrasound stations in northern Taiwan

Three mysterious explosion sounds were heard in the coastal towns of Tamsui, west of Taipei in northern Taiwan, in the early evening of December 5, 2013. The event left clear signals that are identified in the...

Authors: Utpal Kumar, Benjamin F. Chao, Yikai Hsieh and Emmy T. Y. Chang

Implications of overestimated anthropogenic CO₂ emissions on East Asian and global land CO₂ flux inversion

Measurement and modelling of regional or country-level carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes are becoming critical for verification of the greenhouse gases emission control. One of the commonly adopted approaches is invers...

Authors: Tazu Saeki and Prabir K. Patra

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

Recent ²³⁰Th dating of fossil corals in west Luzon has provided new insights on the emergence of late Quaternary marine terraces that fringe west Luzon Island facing the Manila Trench. Apart from regional sea lev...

Authors: Noelynna T. Ramos, Kathrine V. Maxwell, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Yu-Chen Chou, Fucai Duan, Chuan-Chou Shen and Kenji Satake

Re-examination of the age of historical and paleo-tsunami deposits at Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, Northeast Japan

High-accuracy age estimations of tsunami deposits are very important for tsunami deposit research because the recurrence interval and frequency of tsunami deposits allow us to assess the devastating impacts of...

Authors: Daisuke Ishimura

Modeling large-scale human alteration of land surface hydrology and climate

Rapidly expanding human activities have profoundly affected various biophysical and biogeochemical processes of the Earth system over a broad range of scales, and freshwater systems are now amongst the most ex...

Authors: Yadu N. Pokhrel, Farshid Felfelani, Sanghoon Shin, Tomohito J. Yamada and Yusuke Satoh

Auroral streamer and its role in driving wave-like pre-onset aurora

The time scales of reconnection outflow, substorm expansion, and development of instabilities in the terrestrial magnetosphere are comparable, i.e., from several to tens of minutes, and their existence is rela...

Authors: Zhonghua Yao, Z. Y. Pu, I. J. Rae, A. Radioti and M. V. Kubyshkina

Historical earthquake research in Austria

Austria has a moderate seismicity, and on average the population feels 40 earthquakes per year or approximately three earthquakes per month. A severe earthquake with light building damage is expected roughly e...

Authors: Christa Hammerl

The 2015 M _w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake: an infrequent fault rupture within the Crocker fault system of East Malaysia

The M _w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake of 2015 was a complete (and deadly) surprise, because it occurred well away from the nearest plate boundary in a region of very low historical seismicit...

Authors: Yu Wang, Shengji Wei, Xin Wang, Eric O. Lindsey, Felix Tongkul, Paul Tapponnier, Kyle Bradley, Chung-Han Chan, Emma M. Hill and Kerry Sieh

Testing the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis for three recent megathrust earthquakes

We test the static Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis for three recent megathrust earthquakes (the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, the 2010 Maule earthquake, and the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake) using focal ...

Authors: Takeo Ishibe, Yosihiko Ogata, Hiroshi Tsuruoka and Kenji Satake

Methodology to determine the parameters of historical earthquakes in China

China is one of the countries with the longest cultural tradition. Meanwhile, China has been suffering very heavy earthquake disasters; so, there are abundant earthquake recordings. In this paper, we try to sk...

Authors: Jian Wang, Guoliang Lin and Zhe Zhang

A short history of Japanese historical seismology: past and the present

Since seismicity in Japan is fairly high, Japanese interest in historical seismicity can be traced back to the nineth century, only a few centuries after the formation of the ancient ruling state. A 1000 years...

Authors: Ritsuko S. Matsu’ura

Change in the tropical cyclone activity around Korea by the East Asian summer monsoon

Correlation between the frequency of summer tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Korea and the East Asian summer monsoon index (EASMI) was analyzed over the last 37 years. A clear positive correlation existed be...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

Interdecadal variation of Korea affecting TC activity in early 1980s

By performing a statistical change-point analysis of activities of the tropical cyclones (TCs) that have affected Korea (K-TCs), it was found that there was a significant change between 1983 and 1984. During t...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

A trio-interaction theory for Madden–Julian oscillation

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of tropical atmospheric intraseasonal variability and a primary source of predictability for global sub-seasonal prediction. Understanding the origin an...

Authors: Bin Wang, Fei Liu and Guosen Chen

Sedimentary environmental change induced from late Quaternary sea-level change in the Bonaparte Gulf, northwestern Australia

Low-latitude continental shelves, mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary systems, provide an understanding of sedimentary environments driven by paleoclimatological processes. The Bonaparte Gulf, northweste...

Authors: Takeshige Ishiwa, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yosuke Miyairi, Minoru Ikehara and Stephen Obrochta

Global cloud-permitting simulations of Typhoon Fengshen (2008)

Large-scale fields and inner-core processes relevant to the formation and intensification of Typhoon Fengshen (2008) were examined by simulations using a global nonhydrostatic model with a cloud-permitting res...

Authors: Tomoe Nasuno, Hiroyuki Yamada, Masuo Nakano, Hisayuki Kubota, Masahiro Sawada and Ryuji Yoshida

Cross-disciplinary working in the sciences and humanities: historical data rescue activities in Southeast Asia and beyond

This paper argues that more work is needed to facilitate cross-disciplinary collaborations by scholars across the physical sciences and humanities to improve Data Rescue Activities (DARE). Debate over the scal...

Authors: Fiona Williamson

From written records to seismic parameters: the case of the 6 April 1667 Dalmatia earthquake

On Wednesday 6 April 1667, an earthquake occurred, and severely affected a large area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, also known as southern Dalmatia, in today Croatia, and part of Montenegro. This p...

Authors: Paola Albini and Andrea Rovida

Reverse relationship between drought of mid-latitudes in East Asia and Northwest Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency in summer

This study found that there is a significant negative correlation between summer drought in Korea, China and Japan and the frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) in the subtropical western North Pacific (SWNP) usi...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

Erratum to: Infrasound and seismic detections associated with the 7 September 2015 Bangkok fireball

Authors: Corentin Caudron, Benoit Taisne, Anna Perttu, Milton Garcés, Elizabeth A. Silber and Pierrick Mialle

Role of gravity waves in vertical coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings

Gravity waves are primarily generated in the lower atmosphere, and can reach thermospheric heights in the course of their propagation. This paper reviews the recent progress in understanding the role of gravit...

Authors: Erdal Yiğit and Alexander S. Medvedev

Infrasound and seismic detections associated with the 7 September 2015 Bangkok fireball

Authors: Corentin Caudron, Benoit Taisne, Anna Perttu, Milton Garcés, Elizabeth A. Silber and Pierrick Mialle

Assessment of GNSS-based height data of multiple ships for measuring and forecasting great tsunamis

Ship height positioning by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was investigated for measuring and forecasting great tsunamis. We first examined GNSS height-positioning data of a navigating vessel. If...

Authors: Daisuke Inazu, Takuji Waseda, Toshiyuki Hibiya and Yusaku Ohta

Impact and mitigation of space weather effects on GNSS receiver performance

It is well known that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals suffer from a number of vulnerabilities, out of which a potential severe vulnerability is the effect of space weather. Space weather effe...

Authors: V. Sreeja

A brief history of solar-terrestrial physics in Australia

Solar-terrestrial physics research in Australia began in 1792 when de Rossel measured the southern hemisphere geomagnetic field at Recherche Bay on the southern tip of Tasmania, proving the field magnitude and...

Authors: B. J. Fraser