Articles

Using ultra-low frequency waves and their characteristics to diagnose key physics of substorm onset

Substorm onset is marked in the ionosphere by the sudden brightening of an existing auroral arc or the creation of a new auroral arc. Also present is the formation of auroral beads, proposed to play a key role...

Authors: I. J. Rae, K. R. Murphy, Clare E. J. Watt, Ian R. Mann, Zhonghua Yao, Nadine M. E. Kalmoni, Colin Forsyth and David K. Milling

Climate variability and causes: from the perspective of the Tharaka people of eastern Kenya

The study assessed community understanding of climate variability in semi-arid Tharaka sub-county, Kenya. The study used four focus group discussions (FGD) (N = 48) and a household survey (N = 326) to obtain info...

Authors: Charles W. Recha, George L. Makokha and Chris A. Shisanya

Late Quaternary eruption of the Ranau Caldera and new geological slip rates of the Sumatran Fault Zone in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia

Over the last decade, studies of natural hazards in Sumatra have focused primarily on great earthquakes and associated tsunamis produced by rupture of the Sunda megathrust. However, the Sumatran Fault and the ...

Authors: Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, Kyle Bradley, Mudrik R. Daryono, Sonny Aribowo and Jason Herrin

Resonance zones for interactions of magnetosonic waves with radiation belt electrons and protons

As an important plasma wave mode in the geospace, magnetosonic waves can interact with both radiation belt electrons and protons, thereby impacting the dynamics of magnetospheric particles. Based on the Dopple...

Authors: Wenxun Zhang, Ruoxian Zhou, Juan Yi, Xudong Gu, Binbin Ni, Chengyao Zheng and Man Hua

Overestimation of the earthquake hazard along the Himalaya: constraints in bracketing of medieval earthquakes from paleoseismic studies

The Himalaya is one of the most seismically active regions of the world. The occurrence of several large magnitude earthquakes viz. 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8), 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.2), 1950 A...

Authors: Shreya Arora and Javed N. Malik

Current structure and flow pattern on the electron separatrix in reconnection region

Results from 2.5D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of symmetric reconnection with negligible guide field reveal that the accessible boundary of the electrons accelerated in the magnetic reconnection region i...

Authors: Ruilong Guo, Zuyin Pu and Yong Wei

Asteroid spin-rate studies using large sky-field surveys

Eight campaigns to survey asteroid rotation periods have been carried out using the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory in the past 3 years. 2780 reliable rotation periods were obtained, from which we ident...

Authors: Chan-Kao Chang, Hsing-Wen Lin, Wing-Huen Ip, Thomas A. Prince, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, David Levitan, Russ Laher and Jason Surace

Transport properties of soil particles in Sakiyamawan–Amitoriwan nature conservation area, Iriomote Island, Japan

The actual states of soil particle transport in and exchange between the Sakiyama and Amitori bays, Iriomote Island, Japan, were investigated using atmosphere–ocean–river observations and numerical simulations...

Authors: Shinya Shimokawa, Tomokazu Murakami, Hiroyoshi Kohno and Akira Mizutani

Radiocarbon variability recorded in coral skeletons from the northwest of Luzon Island, Philippines

The North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcates at the eastern coast of the Philippines and moves northward as the Kuroshio, a North Pacific western boundary current. The NEC bifurcation point and Kuroshio varia...

Authors: Shoko Hirabayashi, Yusuke Yokoyama, Atsushi Suzuki, Yosuke Miyairi, Takahiro Aze, Fernando Siringan and Yasuo Maeda

Imaging of upper crustal structure beneath East Java–Bali, Indonesia with ambient noise tomography

The complex geological structures in East Java and Bali provide important opportunities for natural resource exploitation, but also harbor perils associated with natural disasters. Such a condition makes the E...

Authors: Agustya Adi Martha, Phil Cummins, Erdinc Saygin, Sri Widiyantoro and Masturyono

A meteor shockwave event recorded at seismic and infrasound stations in northern Taiwan

Three mysterious explosion sounds were heard in the coastal towns of Tamsui, west of Taipei in northern Taiwan, in the early evening of December 5, 2013. The event left clear signals that are identified in the...

Authors: Utpal Kumar, Benjamin F. Chao, Yikai Hsieh and Emmy T. Y. Chang

Implications of overestimated anthropogenic CO₂ emissions on East Asian and global land CO₂ flux inversion

Measurement and modelling of regional or country-level carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes are becoming critical for verification of the greenhouse gases emission control. One of the commonly adopted approaches is invers...

Authors: Tazu Saeki and Prabir K. Patra

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

Recent ²³⁰Th dating of fossil corals in west Luzon has provided new insights on the emergence of late Quaternary marine terraces that fringe west Luzon Island facing the Manila Trench. Apart from regional sea lev...

Authors: Noelynna T. Ramos, Kathrine V. Maxwell, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Yu-Chen Chou, Fucai Duan, Chuan-Chou Shen and Kenji Satake

Re-examination of the age of historical and paleo-tsunami deposits at Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, Northeast Japan

High-accuracy age estimations of tsunami deposits are very important for tsunami deposit research because the recurrence interval and frequency of tsunami deposits allow us to assess the devastating impacts of...

Authors: Daisuke Ishimura

Modeling large-scale human alteration of land surface hydrology and climate

Rapidly expanding human activities have profoundly affected various biophysical and biogeochemical processes of the Earth system over a broad range of scales, and freshwater systems are now amongst the most ex...

Authors: Yadu N. Pokhrel, Farshid Felfelani, Sanghoon Shin, Tomohito J. Yamada and Yusuke Satoh

Auroral streamer and its role in driving wave-like pre-onset aurora

The time scales of reconnection outflow, substorm expansion, and development of instabilities in the terrestrial magnetosphere are comparable, i.e., from several to tens of minutes, and their existence is rela...

Authors: Zhonghua Yao, Z. Y. Pu, I. J. Rae, A. Radioti and M. V. Kubyshkina

Historical earthquake research in Austria

Austria has a moderate seismicity, and on average the population feels 40 earthquakes per year or approximately three earthquakes per month. A severe earthquake with light building damage is expected roughly e...

Authors: Christa Hammerl

The 2015 M _w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake: an infrequent fault rupture within the Crocker fault system of East Malaysia

The M _w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake of 2015 was a complete (and deadly) surprise, because it occurred well away from the nearest plate boundary in a region of very low historical seismicit...

Authors: Yu Wang, Shengji Wei, Xin Wang, Eric O. Lindsey, Felix Tongkul, Paul Tapponnier, Kyle Bradley, Chung-Han Chan, Emma M. Hill and Kerry Sieh

Testing the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis for three recent megathrust earthquakes

We test the static Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis for three recent megathrust earthquakes (the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, the 2010 Maule earthquake, and the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake) using focal ...

Authors: Takeo Ishibe, Yosihiko Ogata, Hiroshi Tsuruoka and Kenji Satake

Methodology to determine the parameters of historical earthquakes in China

China is one of the countries with the longest cultural tradition. Meanwhile, China has been suffering very heavy earthquake disasters; so, there are abundant earthquake recordings. In this paper, we try to sk...

Authors: Jian Wang, Guoliang Lin and Zhe Zhang

A short history of Japanese historical seismology: past and the present

Since seismicity in Japan is fairly high, Japanese interest in historical seismicity can be traced back to the nineth century, only a few centuries after the formation of the ancient ruling state. A 1000 years...

Authors: Ritsuko S. Matsu’ura

Change in the tropical cyclone activity around Korea by the East Asian summer monsoon

Correlation between the frequency of summer tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Korea and the East Asian summer monsoon index (EASMI) was analyzed over the last 37 years. A clear positive correlation existed be...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

Interdecadal variation of Korea affecting TC activity in early 1980s

By performing a statistical change-point analysis of activities of the tropical cyclones (TCs) that have affected Korea (K-TCs), it was found that there was a significant change between 1983 and 1984. During t...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

A trio-interaction theory for Madden–Julian oscillation

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of tropical atmospheric intraseasonal variability and a primary source of predictability for global sub-seasonal prediction. Understanding the origin an...

Authors: Bin Wang, Fei Liu and Guosen Chen

Sedimentary environmental change induced from late Quaternary sea-level change in the Bonaparte Gulf, northwestern Australia

Low-latitude continental shelves, mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary systems, provide an understanding of sedimentary environments driven by paleoclimatological processes. The Bonaparte Gulf, northweste...

Authors: Takeshige Ishiwa, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yosuke Miyairi, Minoru Ikehara and Stephen Obrochta

Global cloud-permitting simulations of Typhoon Fengshen (2008)

Large-scale fields and inner-core processes relevant to the formation and intensification of Typhoon Fengshen (2008) were examined by simulations using a global nonhydrostatic model with a cloud-permitting res...

Authors: Tomoe Nasuno, Hiroyuki Yamada, Masuo Nakano, Hisayuki Kubota, Masahiro Sawada and Ryuji Yoshida

Cross-disciplinary working in the sciences and humanities: historical data rescue activities in Southeast Asia and beyond

This paper argues that more work is needed to facilitate cross-disciplinary collaborations by scholars across the physical sciences and humanities to improve Data Rescue Activities (DARE). Debate over the scal...

Authors: Fiona Williamson

From written records to seismic parameters: the case of the 6 April 1667 Dalmatia earthquake

On Wednesday 6 April 1667, an earthquake occurred, and severely affected a large area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, also known as southern Dalmatia, in today Croatia, and part of Montenegro. This p...

Authors: Paola Albini and Andrea Rovida

Reverse relationship between drought of mid-latitudes in East Asia and Northwest Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency in summer

This study found that there is a significant negative correlation between summer drought in Korea, China and Japan and the frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) in the subtropical western North Pacific (SWNP) usi...

Authors: Jae-Won Choi, Yumi Cha and Jeoung-Yun Kim

Erratum to: Infrasound and seismic detections associated with the 7 September 2015 Bangkok fireball

Authors: Corentin Caudron, Benoit Taisne, Anna Perttu, Milton Garcés, Elizabeth A. Silber and Pierrick Mialle

Role of gravity waves in vertical coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings

Gravity waves are primarily generated in the lower atmosphere, and can reach thermospheric heights in the course of their propagation. This paper reviews the recent progress in understanding the role of gravit...

Authors: Erdal Yiğit and Alexander S. Medvedev

Infrasound and seismic detections associated with the 7 September 2015 Bangkok fireball

Authors: Corentin Caudron, Benoit Taisne, Anna Perttu, Milton Garcés, Elizabeth A. Silber and Pierrick Mialle

Assessment of GNSS-based height data of multiple ships for measuring and forecasting great tsunamis

Ship height positioning by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was investigated for measuring and forecasting great tsunamis. We first examined GNSS height-positioning data of a navigating vessel. If...

Authors: Daisuke Inazu, Takuji Waseda, Toshiyuki Hibiya and Yusaku Ohta

Impact and mitigation of space weather effects on GNSS receiver performance

It is well known that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals suffer from a number of vulnerabilities, out of which a potential severe vulnerability is the effect of space weather. Space weather effe...

Authors: V. Sreeja

A brief history of solar-terrestrial physics in Australia

Solar-terrestrial physics research in Australia began in 1792 when de Rossel measured the southern hemisphere geomagnetic field at Recherche Bay on the southern tip of Tasmania, proving the field magnitude and...

Authors: B. J. Fraser

Pickup ion-mediated plasma physics of the outer heliosphere and very local interstellar medium

Observations of plasma and turbulence in the outer heliosphere (the distant supersonic solar wind and the subsonic solar wind beyond the heliospheric termination shock) made by the Voyager Interstellar Mission...

Authors: G. P. Zank

The vortex moving toward Taiwan and the influence of the central mountain range

Surface friction is important to a vortex moving toward Taiwan but was ignored in several previous studies. The change of the potential vorticity comes from friction in the shallow-water equation, hence, it wa...

Authors: Wen-Yih Sun

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: critical to world oceanography and world climate

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool holds a unique place on the globe. It is a large area [>30 × 10⁶ km²] that is characterised by permanent surface temperature >28 °C and is therefore called the ‘heat engine’ of the glob...

Authors: Patrick De Deckker

Historical findings of the Russian physical oceanographers in the Indian Ocean

This is a review paper related to three findings of Russian physical oceanographers in the Indian Ocean. Observations in the Indian Ocean were used to investigate mesoscale eddies, subsurface equatorial underc...

Authors: M. N. Koshlyakov, E. G. Morozov and V. G. Neiman

The fast development of solar terrestrial sciences in Taiwan

In Taiwan, research and education of solar terrestrial sciences began with a ground-based ionosonde operated by Ministry of Communications in 1952 and courses of ionospheric physics and space physics offered b...

Authors: Jann-Yenq Liu, Loren Chee-Wei Chang, Chi-Kuang Chao, Ming-Quey Chen, Yen-Hsyang Chu, Lin-Ni Hau, Chien-Ming Huang, Cheng-Ling Kuo, Lou-Chuang Lee, Ling-Hsiao Lyu, Chia-Hsien Lin, Chen-Jeih Pan, Jih-Hong Shue, Ching-Lun Su, Lung-Chih Tsai, Ya-Hui Yang…

Recent progress toward reducing the uncertainty in tropical low cloud feedback and climate sensitivity: a review

Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) to doubling of atmospheric CO₂ concentration is a key index for understanding the Earth’s climate history and prediction of future climate changes. Tropical low cloud feedbac...

Authors: Youichi Kamae, Tomoo Ogura, Hideo Shiogama and Masahiro Watanabe

A GCM with cloud microphysics and its MJO simulation

The present study examines the Madden and Julian oscillation (MJO) appearing in a general circulation model (GCM) with full representation of cloud microphysics at 50 km horizontal resolution, and the MJO is c...

Authors: In-Sik Kang, Min-Seop Ahn and Young-Min Yang

The first scientific description of aurora borealis: the 10 September 1580 event in Transylvania, recorded by Marcello Squarcialupi

The first scientific treatise on aurora borealis was published by Marcello Squarcialupi, an Italian medical doctor working in the court of the Hungarian Prince of Transylvania. His book, De coelo ...

Authors: Miklós Kázmér and Gábor Timár

Introduction to the special issue on history development of solar terrestrial sciences including auroral sub-storms

Solar terrestrial (ST) sciences started centuries ago and branched into different disciplines. Starting with naked eye to highly sophisticated novel experimental techniques, observations have revealed the secr...

Authors: N. Balan, G. Parks, L. Svalgaard, Y. Kamide and T. Lui

Global view of sea-ice production in polynyas and its linkage to dense/bottom water formation

Global overturning circulation is driven by density differences. Saline water rejected during sea-ice formation in polynyas is the main source of dense water, and thus sea-ice production is a key factor in the...

Authors: Kay I. Ohshima, Sohey Nihashi and Katsushi Iwamoto

Relation of the auroral substorm to the substorm current wedge

The auroral substorm is an organized sequence of events seen in the aurora near midnight. It is a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm which is a disturbance of the magnetosphere brought about by the s...

Authors: Robert L. McPherron and Xiangning Chu

Electrodynamics of ionospheric weather over low latitudes

The dynamic state of the ionosphere at low latitudes is largely controlled by electric fields originating from dynamo actions by atmospheric waves propagating from below and the solar wind-magnetosphere intera...

Authors: Mangalathayil Ali Abdu

The importance of ground magnetic data in specifying the state of magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling: a personal view

In the history of geomagnetism, geoelectricity and space science including solar terrestrial physics, ground magnetic records have been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for monitoring the levels of overall g...

Authors: Y. Kamide and Nanan Balan

Synthetic versus long-term natural records of tropical cyclone storm surges: problems and issues

The majority of risk assessments of tropical cyclone storm surge and inundations are based on the generation of synthetic times series from short historical records. The accuracy of these synthetic time series...

Authors: Jonathan Nott

History and development of coronal mass ejections as a key player in solar terrestrial relationship

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are relatively a recently discovered phenomenon—in 1971, some 15 years into the Space Era. It took another two decades to realize that CMEs are the most important players in solar...

Authors: N. Gopalswamy