Articles

The first scientific description of aurora borealis: the 10 September 1580 event in Transylvania, recorded by Marcello Squarcialupi

The first scientific treatise on aurora borealis was published by Marcello Squarcialupi, an Italian medical doctor working in the court of the Hungarian Prince of Transylvania. His book, De coelo ...

Authors: Miklós Kázmér and Gábor Timár

Introduction to the special issue on history development of solar terrestrial sciences including auroral sub-storms

Solar terrestrial (ST) sciences started centuries ago and branched into different disciplines. Starting with naked eye to highly sophisticated novel experimental techniques, observations have revealed the secr...

Authors: N. Balan, G. Parks, L. Svalgaard, Y. Kamide and T. Lui

Global view of sea-ice production in polynyas and its linkage to dense/bottom water formation

Global overturning circulation is driven by density differences. Saline water rejected during sea-ice formation in polynyas is the main source of dense water, and thus sea-ice production is a key factor in the...

Authors: Kay I. Ohshima, Sohey Nihashi and Katsushi Iwamoto

Relation of the auroral substorm to the substorm current wedge

The auroral substorm is an organized sequence of events seen in the aurora near midnight. It is a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm which is a disturbance of the magnetosphere brought about by the s...

Authors: Robert L. McPherron and Xiangning Chu

Electrodynamics of ionospheric weather over low latitudes

The dynamic state of the ionosphere at low latitudes is largely controlled by electric fields originating from dynamo actions by atmospheric waves propagating from below and the solar wind-magnetosphere intera...

Authors: Mangalathayil Ali Abdu

The importance of ground magnetic data in specifying the state of magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling: a personal view

In the history of geomagnetism, geoelectricity and space science including solar terrestrial physics, ground magnetic records have been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for monitoring the levels of overall g...

Authors: Y. Kamide and Nanan Balan

Synthetic versus long-term natural records of tropical cyclone storm surges: problems and issues

The majority of risk assessments of tropical cyclone storm surge and inundations are based on the generation of synthetic times series from short historical records. The accuracy of these synthetic time series...

Authors: Jonathan Nott

History and development of coronal mass ejections as a key player in solar terrestrial relationship

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are relatively a recently discovered phenomenon—in 1971, some 15 years into the Space Era. It took another two decades to realize that CMEs are the most important players in solar...

Authors: N. Gopalswamy

Classifying Pacific islands

An earth-science-based classification of islands within the Pacific Basin resulted from the preparation of a database describing the location, area, and type of 1779 islands, where island type is determined as...

Authors: Patrick D. Nunn, Lalit Kumar, Ian Eliot and Roger F. McLean

Modifications of the ionosphere prior to large earthquakes: report from the Ionosphere Precursor Study Group

The current status of ionospheric precursor studies associated with large earthquakes (EQ) is summarized in this report. It is a joint endeavor of the “Ionosphere Precursor Study Task Group,” which was formed ...

Authors: K.-I. Oyama, M. Devi, K. Ryu, C. H. Chen, J. Y. Liu, H. Liu, L. Bankov and T. Kodama

Geomagnetic storms: historical perspective to modern view

The history of geomagnetism is more than 400 years old. Geomagnetic storms as we know them were discovered about 210 years ago. There has been keen interest in understanding Sun–Earth connection events, such a...

Authors: Gurbax S. Lakhina and Bruce T. Tsurutani

Transmission of the electric fields to the low latitude ionosphere in the magnetosphere-ionosphere current circuit

The solar wind energy is transmitted to low latitude ionosphere in a current circuit from a dynamo in the magnetosphere to the equatorial ionosphere via the polar ionosphere. During the substorm growth phase a...

Authors: Takashi Kikuchi and Kumiko K. Hashimoto

A new parameter of geomagnetic storms for the severity of space weather

Using the continuous Dst data available since 1957 and H component data for the Carrington space weather event of 1859, the paper shows that the mean value of Dst during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, call...

Authors: N. Balan, I. S. Batista, S. Tulasi Ram and P. K. Rajesh

Water shortage risk assessment using spatiotemporal flow simulation

Paddy irrigation practices in Taiwan utilize complicated water conveyance networks which draw streamflows from different tributaries. Characterizing and simulating streamflow series is thus an essential task f...

Authors: Hsin-I Hsieh, Ming-Daw Su, Yii-Chen Wu and Ke-Sheng Cheng

Long-term variations in the plasma sheet ion composition and substorm occurrence over 23 years

The Geotail satellite has been operating for almost two solar cycles (~23 years) since its launch in July 1992. The satellite carries the energetic particle and ion composition (EPIC) instrument that measures ...

Authors: Masahito Nosé

Dipolarization fronts and magnetic flux transport

Recent emphasis on dipolarization fronts (DFs) has led to the impression that DFs play a significant role in bringing magnetic flux to the inner magnetosphere during substorms. In this work, we investigate the...

Authors: A. T. Y. Lui

Comparison of current disruption and magnetic reconnection

We examine similarities and differences between the concepts of current disruption (CD) and magnetic reconnection (MR). Both concepts have been invoked to account for explosive phenomena that involve energy tr...

Authors: A. T. Y. Lui

Coupled onshore erosion and offshore sediment loading as causes of lower crust flow on the margins of South China Sea

Hot, thick continental crust is susceptible to ductile flow within the middle and lower crust where quartz controls mechanical behavior. Reconstruction of subsidence in several sedimentary basins around the So...

Authors: Peter D. Clift

Localized extensional tectonics in an overall reverse-faulting regime, Northeast Japan

In Northeast Japan, it has been recognized that trench-normal compressional stresses, aligned in the approximate direction of plate convergence, tend to dominate stress fields over a broad region. However, a p...

Authors: Koji Umeda

Evaluation of double-moment representation of ice hydrometeors in bulk microphysical parameterization: comparison between WRF numerical simulations and UND-Citation data during MC3E

The influence of double-moment representation of warm-rain and ice hydrometeors on the numerical simulations of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) over the US Southern Great Plains has been evaluated. The Wea...

Authors: Zhaoxia Pu and Chao Lin

A new view on the solar wind interaction with the Moon

Characterised by a surface bound exosphere and localised crustal magnetic fields, the Moon was considered as a passive object when solar wind interacts with it. However, the neutral particle and plasma measure...

Authors: Anil Bhardwaj, M B Dhanya, Abhinaw Alok, Stas Barabash, Martin Wieser, Yoshifumi Futaana, Peter Wurz, Audrey Vorburger, Mats Holmström, Charles Lue, Yuki Harada and Kazushi Asamura

Benchmark analysis of forecasted seasonal temperature over different climatic areas

From a long-term perspective, an improvement of seasonal forecasting, which is often exclusively based on climatology, could provide a new capability for the management of energy resources in a time scale of j...

Authors: G Giunta, R Salerno, A Ceppi, G Ercolani and M Mancini

Probing of meteor showers at Mars during the encounter of comet C/2013 A1: predictions for the arrival of MAVEN/Mangalyaan

We have estimated (1) production rates, (2) ion and electron densities of meteor ablation and (3) ionization for different masses and velocities of meteoroids when comet C/2013 A1 crossed the orbit of Mars on ...

Authors: Syed A Haider and Bhavin M Pandya

Bernoulli equation and flow over a mountain

The Bernoulli equation is applied to an air parcel which originates at a low level at the inflow region, climbs adiabatically over a mountain with an increase in velocity, then descends on the lee side and for...

Authors: Wen-Yih Sun and Oliver M. Sun

Preceding seismic activity and slow slip events in the source area of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a review

The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake ruptured a large area of the megathrust east of NE Japan. The earthquake’s magnitude was 9.0, substantially larger than predicted. It is important to know what occurred in the so...

Authors: Akira Hasegawa and Keisuke Yoshida

Current understanding of the aeronomy of Mars

This paper provides a short overview of our current understanding of the upper atmosphere/ionosphere of Mars including the escaping neutral atmosphere to space that plays a key role in the current state of the...

Authors: Andrew F Nagy and Joseph M Grebowsky

Geological and tectonic implications obtained from first seismic activity investigation around Lembang fault

The Lembang fault located at northern part of populated Bandung basin is the most conspicuous fault that potentially capable in generating earthquakes. The first seismic investigation around Lembang fault has ...

Authors: ᅟ Afnimar, Eko Yulianto and ᅟ Rasmid

Distributions of inorganic nitrogen and biological production in the equatorial Pacific: a basin-scale model sensitivity study of nitrification

Recent evidence indicates that there is stronger nitrification in the euphotic zone than previously thought. We employ a physical-biogeochemical model to study the implications of nitrification for basin-scale...

Authors: Xiujun Wang and Raghu Murtugudde

New directions in hydro-climatic histories: observational data recovery, proxy records and the atmospheric circulation reconstructions over the earth (ACRE) initiative in Southeast Asia

The value of historic observational weather data for reconstructing long-term climate patterns and the detailed analysis of extreme weather events has long been recognized (Le Roy Ladurie, 1972; Lamb, 1977). I...

Authors: Fiona Williamson, Rob Allan, Adam D Switzer, Johnny C L Chan, Robert James Wasson, Rosanne D’Arrigo and Richard Gartner

Preliminary investigation of the formation age and chemical characterization of the tropical peat in the middle Sepik Plain, northern Papua New Guinea

Seven gouge cores in the middle Sepik Plain (northern Papua New Guinea) were bored to clarify the depositional age and the chemical characteristics of the tropical peat. The weakly-acidic peat layer (3–4 m thi...

Authors: Eisuke Ono, Mitsutoshi Umemura, Takuya Ishida and Chisato Takenaka

The salinity signature of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue as revealed by the satellite SMOS mission

The space-borne measurements of the SMOS mission reveal for the first time the complete features of the sea surface salinity (SSS) signature at the full scale of the Pacific basin. The SSS field in the equator...

Authors: Christophe Maes, Nicolas Reul, David Behringer and Terence O’Kane

Passive acoustic measurement of flow velocity in the Straits of Florida

Group speed of sound in moving fluids depends on the propagation direction, which breaks acoustic reciprocity. Acoustic nonreciprocity provides a means to measure fluid motion. Using nonreciprocity, one can me...

Authors: Oleg A Godin, Michael G Brown, Nikolay A Zabotin, Liudmila Y Zabotina and Neil J Williams

Advances in earthquake and tsunami sciences and disaster risk reduction since the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami

The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was the worst tsunami disaster in the world’s history with more than 200,000 casualties. This disaster was attributed to giant size (magnitude M ~ 9, source length >1000 km)...

Authors: Kenji Satake

Active moon: evidences from Chandrayaan-1 and the proposed Indian missions

Chandrayaan-1, the polar Lunar orbiter mission of Indian Space Research Organization, successfully carried out study of Moon’s environment and surface processes for a period of about nine months during 2008–20...

Authors: Narendra Bhandari and Neeraj Srivastava

Potential for timing high-energy marine inundation events in the recent geological past through age-dating of reef boulders in Fiji

Transported coastal boulders have increasingly come to represent a valuable element of investigations within the broader framework of multi-proxy approaches applied to coastal hazard studies. Through a case st...

Authors: James P Terry and Samuel Etienne

Origin of the filamentary structure in space plasmas

We propose a scenario that filamentary structure appears together with propagating waves on the scale of ion gyroradius. The method is based on two-dimensional ion particle-in-cell (or hybrid) simulation in lo...

Authors: Horia Comişel, Vlad Constantinescu and Yasuhito Narita

A traveling atmospheric disturbance generated by a soil colour change in a high-resolution climate model experiment

The climate model CESM-WACCM is used to study the way a soil colour change of the eastern region of the Sahara affects the dynamics of the troposphere. The soil colour is darkened for 5 days. The difference be...

Authors: Elisavet Proedrou and Klemens Hocke

A post-Tohoku earthquake review of earthquake probabilities in the Southern Kanto District, Japan

The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake generated an aftershock sequence that affected a large part of northern Honshu, and has given rise to widely divergent forecasts of changes in earthquake occurrence probabilit...

Authors: Paul G Somerville

The interannual relationship between MJO activity and tropical cyclone genesis in the Indian Ocean

The present study investigated the relationship between the interannual variations of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) over the Indian Ocean during the October-November-Decemb...

Authors: Aya Tsuboi and Tetsuya Takemi

Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves at ungauged sites: risk management under changing climate

The impact of a changing climate is already being felt on several hydrological systems both on a regional and sub-regional scale of the globe. Southeast Asia is one of the regions strongly affected by climate ...

Authors: San Chuin Liew, Srivatsan V Raghavan and Shie-Yui Liong

Remarkable ground uplift and reverse fault ruptures for the 2013 Bohol earthquake (Mw 7.1), Philippines, revealed by SAR pixel offset analysis

By applying a pixel offset analysis using RADARSAT-2 SAR data to an inland crustal earthquake that occurred on Bohol Island, Philippines on 15 October 2013, we succeeded in mapping a ground displacement associ...

Authors: Tomokazu Kobayashi

Giant palaeo-landslide dammed the Yangtze river

Field evidence is presented to demonstrate that a very large landslide blocked the Jinsha River (the main stem of the Yangtze) near the present day town of Qiaojia, Yunnan Province. The discovery is significan...

Authors: David L Higgitt, Xinbao Zhang, Weiming Liu, Qiang Tang, Xiubin He and Sylvain Ferrant

Climate variability and change: a perspective from the oceania region

This brief review identifies seven key science questions in relation to climate variability and change and examines recent research within the Australian and Pacific context: 1. How do the key processes contro...

Authors: Tom Beer

Meta-heuristic algorithms as tools for hydrological science

In this paper, meta-heuristic optimization techniques are introduced and their applications to water resources engineering, particularly in hydrological science are introduced. In recent years, meta-heuristic ...

Authors: Do Guen Yoo and Joong Hoon Kim

Geohazards and myths: ancient memories of rapid coastal change in the Asia-Pacific region and their value to future adaptation

Rapid coastal change is common in the Asia-Pacific region yet an understanding of its causes, recurrence times, and impacts is not always clear through the use of conventional geological methods. It is suggest...

Authors: Patrick D Nunn

Recent scientific and operational achievements of D/V Chikyu

The D/V Chikyu, a scientific drilling vessel, is equipped with industry-standard riser capabilities. Riser drilling technology enables remarkable drilling and downhole logging capabilities and provides unpreceden...

Authors: Asahiko Taira, Sean Toczko, Nobu Eguchi, Shin’ichi Kuramoto, Yusuke Kubo and Wataru Azuma

Editorial

Authors: Kenji Satake