Fig. 4

Schematic interpretation of the coseismic triggered mud diapirism along profile A in Fig. 1. a Projected profile of ascending InSAR data and model fitting. Descending data are presented in Additional file 1: Fig. S4. Transparent white squares with error bar denotes the continuous GPS coseismic displacement projected to LOS direction. The gray areas indicate the Pitou and Naplin anticlines from Le Béon et al. (2017) and Gutingkeng anticline (Wang et al. 1998; Chen 2013). Where sudden changes of final residuals occurred are denoted as Lungchuan, east-dipping fault and west-dipping backthrust merged at surface. b Cross-section after Mai et al. (2021). Mud diapirs (MD) are outlined with dash lines. Here we re-interpreted these diapirs with mobile shales in the center of folds, denoted as gray area. The opening region from sill model proposed by this study is denoted as light green region, its location overlapped with MD-3 diapir from Mai et al. (2021) and extend to west. The main fault plane (thick gray line) and hypocenter (red star) of 2016 Meinong earthquake located at 15 km in depth