Fig. 1

InSAR coseismic deformation fields with geological structures. a Ascending acquisitions (2–14 February 2016) and b descending acquisitions (4–16 February 2016) obtained from Sentinel-1A. Both satellite orbiting directions of ascending and descending path are denoted with white arrows aside (a and b). The look angles of each acquisition are denoted with black arrows respect to vertical line are put in the corner in a and b, for ascending path the look angle is 33° and for descending is 39°. The warmer the color, the greater the movement toward the satellite, in other word, upward motion of the ground. The thin gray rectangle indicates the main fault model of the MeiNong earthquake from Lee et al. (2016) with dark red line denoting its top edge. The small bold black rectangle is the position of the sill-like dislocation model used in this study. The red lines and black lines indicate active fault traces and axes of anticlines (Chen 2010) from the Central Geological Survey (CGS) of Taiwan, respectively. Brown shades denote the distribution of mud diapirs compiled by Chen et al. (2014). Yellow triangles indicate the location of mud volcanoes. Circles with colors indicate projected line-of-sight (LOS) displacements from continuous GPS station. The blue square denotes the announced location of the south industrial waste landfill, and the salmon square in a and b is the suspended site of the MeiNong dam, which is also close to the epicenter of the earthquake (yellow star). The straight black line denotes the location of profile A in Fig. 4. c and d Are zoom in for area of interest. Names of anticlines noted in c, TNA Tainan anticline, CCA Chungchou anticline, DGSA Dagangshan anticline, BPSA Banpingshan anticline, GTKA Gutingkeng anticline