Table 3 Details of radiance data assimilation

Observation operator

Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM; Han et al. 2006)

Quality control

QC procedures in WRFDA (Liu et al. 2012)

Bias correction

Variational Bias Correction (VarBC; Dee 2004)

Thinning mesh

120 km

Sensors

 Infrared

AIRS from Aqua satellite

IASI from MetOp-A, B satellites

 Microwave

AMSU-A from NOAA-15, 18, 19, MetOp-A, B, Aqua satellites

MHS from NOAA-19, MetOp-A, B satellites