Fig. 10
Box plots of the associated reference (gray box in each panel) and the observation (black box in each panel) of the downward velocity (top row panels) and eastward velocity (second row panels) at 0200 LT (left column panels) and 14:00 LT (right column panels) during the M7.0 earthquake (first right-side black boxes), M6.s earthquakes (second right-side black boxes), and M7.0 + M6.s earthquakes (very right-side black boxes) PEIA periods. Box plots of the storm period are given in third row and bottom panels. The horizontal line within the box denotes the median. The ends of the box are the first quartile (25% of the data set, Q1) and third quartile (75% of the data set, Q3), where the first (third) quartile is the middle value between the smallest (highest) and the median of the data set. The difference between the Q1 and Q3 is called the inter-quartile range (IQR). If a value lower than Q1−1.5IQR (lower red dot) and/or greater than Q3 + 1.5IQR (upper red dot), it is declared the outlier (black dot). The horizontal lines extending out from the box are the minimum and maximum value, which the minimum (maximum) is the smallest (largest) value within the range of outlier. The vertical lines out from the box to the minimum (maximum) are called the lower (upper) whiskers. CSES Ne (Ni), Te (Ti), and ion velocities (VD, VE, and VN) have been underestimated by a factor of 10, underestimated by about 1300 °K, and overestimated by a factor of 20, respectively. Note that the calibrated and raw data are, respectively, giving in left-side and right-side axes