Fig. 1
From: Improved Indian Ocean dipole seasonal prediction in the new generation of CMA prediction system
Indian Ocean climatology and IOD pattern in observation and CMA prediction systems. a Climatology of SST (shaded) and 20 °C isotherm depth (contours) in observation. b, c Difference of the climatology of SST (shaded) and 20 °C isotherm depth (contours) between observations and predictions using b CPSv2 and c CPSv3 at 6-month lead time. d–f SST anomalies regressed onto monthly DMI over the Indian Ocean in d observations and e CPSv2 and f CPSv3 at 6-month lead time. The black dotted areas in d, e, f indicate significance above the 95% confidence level. The pattern correlation coefficients between simulated and observed IOD patterns are shown in the top right of e, f