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Geoscience Letters

Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Fig. 1 | Geoscience Letters

Fig. 1

From: Discovery of a conical feature in Halmahera waters, Indonesia: traces of a late-stage hydrothermal activity

Fig. 1

Tectonic setting of the western Pacific and study area. a Vertical gravity gradient (VGG) of the western Pacific. b Tectonic boundaries traced from discontinuities/lineaments visible from the VGG. c Tectonic setting of the study area. Background bathymetry is taken from GEBCO_2022 (GEBCO, 2022; gebco.net). Earthquake data are downloaded from the ISC-GEM Catalogue (Di Giacomo et al. 2018). The seismogenic region is mostly characterised by strike-slip motion depicted by the dark blue ‘beach balls’ (Ekström et al. 2012), apart from a thrust fault (dark red ‘beach ball’) west of the newly traced East Halmahera Trough. Magenta square: Estimated location of underwater hazards in the form of rapid underwater movement (BPI no. 11/152; Pushidrosal 1955) and boiling waters (BPI no. 26/206; Pushidrosal 1959), as presented in the text. Red square: A ‘seismic gap’ area. Dashed grey line: The East Halmahera-Waigeo ophiolite terrane (EHWOT) boundary, after Milsom et al. (1996a). Black rectangle: East Halmahera Trough traced from the VGG, shown in d. The VGG colour scale is similar to a

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