Table 1 The upper-3000 m integrated EKE budget (mW m⁻²) in the Kuroshio extension region

0.26

− 9.82

24.01

13.64

− 17.27 (− 13.17/− 4.10)

− 6.15

− 4.15

1.98

− 12.50

20.41

9.33

− 2.73 (1.39/− 4.12)

− 7.29

− 5.24

2.31

− 13.81

26.21

5.79

− 2.22 (1.98/− 4.20)

− 7.70

− 5.96

− 1.72

2.68

3.60

4.31

− 14.54 (− 14.56/0.02)

1.14

1.09

− 2.05

3.99

− 2.20

7.85

− 15.05 (− 15.15/0.10)

1.55

1.81