Fig. 4

Time series of the climate feedback \(\lambda\) (the dN/dT slope of the linear fit on the global-mean and annual-mean surface temperature anomalies \(\Delta T\) and TOA net radiative flux anomalies \(\Delta N\)) estimated from three methods. The light (dark) blue line is the \(\lambda\) estimated from the linear fit from the 1st (50th) to the plotted year in the original series. The deep pink line is the \(\lambda\) estimated from the linear fit from point 21 to the point whose upper limit of the average range is around the plotted year in the new series