Skip to main content
Geoscience Letters

Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Fig. 3 | Geoscience Letters

Fig. 3

From: Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau

Fig. 3

https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/fy_4b. Data processed and provided by Dr. Hao Gao, China Meteorological Administration

Two significant eruptions of Tonga’s HTHH volcano. Left: Surtseyan-style eruption of 14 January 2022, sending a large ash and steam plume high into the troposphere. Image courtesy of the Tonga Geological Services. Right: major caldera eruption on 15 January 2022. Satellite view of the expanding plume ejected. Note the off-centre position of the volcano, indicating the relatively strong (south)eastward directionality of the outward plume expansion. The central dome of the plume reached a Mesospheric altitude of 58 km. The image was captured by the AGRI (Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager) instrument at 1 km resolution, on board the Chinese satellite FY-4B. Information available at:

Back to article page