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Geoscience Letters

Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Fig. 3 | Geoscience Letters

Fig. 3

From: Externally forced symmetric warming in the Arctic and Antarctic during the second half of the twentieth century

Fig. 3

Surface temperature changes (K) and contributions to the TOA heat flux (\({\text{W}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 2}\)) from radiative forcing (\(R_{{\text{F}}}\)), feedbacks of Planck \(\left( {R^{\prime}_{{{\text{PLK}}}} } \right)\), lapse rate (\(\left( {R^{\prime}_{{{\text{LPS}}}} } \right)\), albedo \(\left( {R^{\prime}_{{{\text{ALB}}}} } \right)\), water vapor \(\left( {R^{\prime}_{{{\text{WV}}}} } \right)\) and cloud \(\left( {R^{\prime}_{{{\text{CLD}}}} } \right)\) as well as atmospheric heat convergence (\(\nabla \cdot F^{\prime}\)) and surface heat flux (\(F^{\prime}_{{\text{s}}}\)) in GHG (red bars), AER (blue bars), and OD (yellow bars) over the a Arctic (60°–90° S) and b Antarctic (60°–90° N). The error bars denote the standard deviations of values in CESM-LENS members. Note the y-axis scales in a and b are different

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