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Geoscience Letters

Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Fig. 3 | Geoscience Letters

Fig. 3

From: The effects of ENSO, climate change and human activities on the water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia: a critical literature review

Fig. 3

Annual decline in Toba’s lake level (blue line) and annual rainfall graph in the Lake Toba catchment area (red line) obtained using data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) from 1957 to 2016. The solid black line represents the lake level trend, which has been decreasing at 2.4 cm/year for the last six decades (Irwandi et al. 2019)

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