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Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Table 1 Tsunami scenarios of earthquake, submarine mass failure, and volcano origins in eastern Indonesia

From: Complex tsunami hazards in eastern Indonesia from seismic and non-seismic sources: Deterministic modelling based on historical and modern data

Scenario

Location

Source parameters

Coastal tsunami height

Earthquake-1: FBT-\(\hbox {BF}^a\)

Top-right coordinate:

121.604°E and 8.011°S

Depth = 10 km

Strike = 80°

Dip = 10°

Flores Sea

Length = 140 km

Width = 40 km

Slip = 4 m

Rake = 90°

Mw = 7.8

\(\hbox {Max}^e\) = 5.3 m

\(\hbox {Mean}^e\) = 2.5 m

Earthquake-2: FBT-\(\hbox {SF}^b\)

Top-right coordinate:

121.627°E and 8.535°S

Depth = 2.7 km

Strike = 70°

Dip = 28 °

\(\hbox {Max}^e\) = 4.2 m

\(\hbox {Mean}^e\) = 2.4 m

Submarine mass failure-1: SMF-5 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Centroid =

117.610°E and 1.875°S

Water depth = 1.5 km

Slope = 12°

Bulk density = 2300 kg/\(\hbox {m}^3\)

Slump failures mechanism

Length \(\times\) Width \(\times\) Thickness =

4.5 km \(\times\) 5 km \(\times\) 760 m

Volume = 5 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Travelled distance = 375 m

E \(\hbox {Kalimantan}^f\):

Max = 1.1 m

Mean = 0.1 m

W Sulawesi:

Max = 2.9 m

Mean = 0.5 m

Submarine mass failure-2: SMF-225 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Length \(\times\) Width \(\times\) Thickness =

30 km \(\times\) 25 km \(\times\) 1000 m

Volume = 225 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Travelled distance = 2000 m

E \(\hbox {Kalimantan}^f\):

Max = 4.3 m

Mean = 0.8 m

W Sulawesi:

Max = 11.1 m

Mean = 2.2 m

Volcano-1: 1871 \(\hbox {Ruang}^c\)

Ruang Volcano, the Sangihe Islands, Molucca Sea

Flank collapse at the eastern part

Radius = 2 km

Volume = 0.1 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Max amplitude = 50 m

Max = 28.0 m

Mean = 18.4 m

Volcano-2: AK \(\hbox {Type}^d\)

Radius = 2 km

Volume = 0.26 \(\hbox {km}^3\)

Max amplitude = 125 m

Max = 54.2 m

Mean = 35.3 m

  1. \(^a\) Flores back-arc thrust from the basal fault; \(^b\) Flores back-arc thrust from the splay fault;
  2. \(^c\) Scenario for the 1871 Ruang Volcanic-tsunami event; \(^d\) The 2018 Anak Krakatau type scenario;
  3. \(^e\) Between 121.6°E and 123.0°E on the northern shore of Flores Island;
  4. \(^f\) By excluding coastal height at the Mangkalihat Peninsula