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Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Table 2 Comparison with previous studies conducted across the globe, India, and river Hooghly

From: Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

 

Al

Bi

Cd

Co

Cr

Cu

Fe

Mn

Mo

Ni

Pb

U

V

Zn

Global Rivers and Estuaries

Odiel River, Olıas et al. (2004)

    

7600

23,470

13,700

  

207

    

Ghana stream rivers, Asante et al. (2007)

  

1.3

0.52

2.65

 

682

  

0.85

1.4

   

Yangzhong water system, Zhou et al. (2008a, b)

 

0.043

0.117

0.319

6.414

  

82.634

  

2.585

0.8

2.79

114.6

Yangtze River, Wu et al. (2009)

  

4.7

20.9

20.9

10.7

239.8

5.4

11.7

13.4

55.1

 

10.5

9.4

Han River, Li and Zhang, (2010)

  

2.45

3

12.25

15.9

36.82

31.15

  

1.71

 

70.2

 

Costa Concordia wreck, Schintu et al. (2018)

  

0.006

 

0.048

0.142

   

0.154

0.003

 

2. 7

 

Padma River, Jolly et al. (2013)

   

2.0

3.0

20.0

199.0

15.0

 

8.14

1.5

  

7.26

Sydney Estuary, Birch and Lee, (2018)

   

84

303

689

47,000

6965

 

86

642

  

1127

Other rivers in India

Subarnarekha River, Senapati and Sahu, (1996)

    

1.13

15.88

   

15.75

19.13

   

Mahanadi River, Konhauser et al. (1997)

    

9.8

5.9

   

7.2

2.68

  

23

Gomti River, Gaur et al. (2005)

  

0.69

 

5.6

22.4

3054.6

116.8

 

17.1

22.3

  

84.4

Manjira River, Krishna et al. (2009)

   

16.8

 

161.8

72.9

26.7

 

2.1

   

11

Previous studies in River Hooghly

River Hooghly, Sarkar et al. (2007)

     

20.2

185.8

204.4

  

29.3

  

190.3

River Hooghly and Sundarban coastal water, Bhattacharya et al. (2015)

  

0.64

 

41.56

56.05

   

48.4

21.25

  

58.94

River Hooghly, Mitra et al. (2018b)

  

1.98

17.15

60.88

46.32

55,163.3

813.79

 

41.08

30.09

 

107.2

63.24

Present study

              

Summer

10,197.8

 

7.9

30.4

33.9

50.4

9331.4

196.2

 

42.9

16.2

  

63.9

Monsoon

8489.4

 

5.41

18.90

21.00

36.98

7316.6

159.5

 

36.4

12.54

  

50.40

Winter

9895.2

 

9.0

31.2

34.3

54.4

10,048.0

219.1

 

53.7

18.0

  

76.3

Mean

9527.5

 

7.4

26.9

29.7

47.3

8898.7

191.6

 

44.3

15.6

  

63.5

WHO and Indian Standards (WHO, 2008, 2011; BIS, 2012)

200

 

3

40

50

2000

300

500

 

20

10

  

3000

  1. All values are in µg/l