Table 1 Summary of the 31 climate models from CMIP5 used in this study

1

IPSL-CM5B-LR

IPSL, France

3.750° × 1.895°

2

IPSL-CM5A-LR

IPSL, France

3.750° × 1.895°

3

IPSL-CM5A-MR

IPSL, France

2.500° × 1.268°

4

CNRM-CM5

CNRM-CERFACS, France

1.407° × 1.401°

5

CCSM4

NCAR, America

1.250° × 0.942°

6

GFDL-CM3

NOAA GFDL, America

2.500° × 2.000°

7

GFDL-ESM2G

NOAA GFDL, America

2.500° × 2.000°

8

GFDL-ESM2M

NOAA GFDL, America

2.500° × 2.000°

9

GISS-E2-R

NASA GISS, America

2.500° × 2.000°

10

CESM1-BGC

NSF-DOE-NCAR, America

1.250° × 0.942°

11

CESM1-CAM5

NSF-DOE-NCAR, America

1.250° × 0.942°

12

MIROC5

MIROC, Japan

1.407° × 1.401°

13

MIROC-ESM

MIROC, Japan

2.813° × 2.791°

14

MIROC-ESM-CHEM

MIROC, Japan

2.813° × 2.791°

15

MRI-CGCM3

MRI, Japan

1.125° × 1.125°

16

BNU-ESM

GCESS, China

2.813° × 2.791°

17

BCC-CSM1-1

BCC, China

2.813° × 2.791°

18

BCC-CSM1-1-M

BCC, China

1.125° × 1.125°

19

FGOALS-g2

LASG-CESS, China

2.813° × 2.791°

20

FIO-ESM

FIO, China

2.813° × 2.791°

21

HadGEM2-AO

NIMR, England

1.875° × 1.250°

22

HadGEM2-CC

MOHC, England

1.875° × 1.250°

23

HadGEM2-ES

MOHC, England

1.875° × 1.250°

24

ACCESS1-0

CSIRO-BOM, Australia

1.875° × 1.250°

25

CSIRO-Mk3-6-0

CSIRO-QCCCE, Australia

1.875° × 1.865°

26

MPI-ESM-LR

MPI-M, Germany

1.875° × 1.865°

27

MPI-ESM-MR

MPI-M, Germany

1.875° × 1.865°

28

CanESM2

CCCMA, Canada

2.813° × 2.791°

29

CMCC-CM

CMCC, Italy

0.750° × 0.750°

30

INMCM4

INM, Russia

2.000° × 1.500°

31

NorESM1-M

NCC, Norway

2.500° × 1.895°