Fig. 1

Index map of Makran subduction zone earthquake. Approximate fault-rupture area from Byrne et al. (1992). Sources of death tolls: Gwadar—testimony in Kakar et al. (2015, p 22, 28); Pasni and Ormara—official summary by Agent to the Governor General in Baluchistan (1948, p 1); Indus Delta—“enquiries made from official agencies up to December 16,” reported in the Sind Observer of December 23, 1945; Bombay—Times of India, November 29, 1945