Fig. 7From: Transmission of the electric fields to the low latitude ionosphere in the magnetosphere-ionosphere current circuitSchematic diagram of the substorm current circuit composed of the partial ring current, R2 FACs and equatorial CEJ with the Hall currents surrounding the R2 FACs causing the reversal of the ionospheric currents at midlatitude. (from Fig. 11 of Kikuchi et al. 2003)Back to article page