Fig. 4From: Spatial analyses on pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies and magnetic storms observed by China seismo-electromagnetic satellite in August 2018Z values of a positive and b negative anomalies, and c median values of ∆TEC (= TEC observation−reference) at the fixed location (7.5°N, 115.0°E) 30 days before and after the 123 M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes. ∆TEC is in a TEC unit (TECu = 1 × 1016 #/m2). Red and blue/black contours denote z test results of positive and negative anomalies with significant level < 0.05, respectively. Note that TEC positive anomalies with significant level < 0.05 appear at 05:00–09:00 UT day 4 before the earthquakes (red rectangular frame of Zone A)Back to article page