Earthquake preparedness in an urban area: the case of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Rahman, Md Mostafizur; Asikunnaby; Chaity, Nawshin Jahan; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan; Almohamad, Hussein; Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah; Al-Mutiry, Motrih

doi:10.1186/s40562-023-00281-y

Geoscience Letters

Official Journal of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)

Table 2 Predictors of six dimensions and HIP regarding earthquakes

From: Earthquake preparedness in an urban area: the case of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Characteristics	β^# (95% CI)
Characteristics	Model I knowledge	Model II subsistence	Model III loss minimization	Model IV social integration	Model V technological integration	Model VI adaptive capacity	Model VII HIP
1. Age (year)
18–25
26–40	− 0.06 (− 0.18; 0.07)	0.03 (− 0.09; 0.17)	− 0.20 (− 0.37; − 0.01)*			0.07 (− 0.08;0.22)	− 0.03 (− 0.14;0.07)
41–50	− 0.06 (− 0.25; 0.13)	0.24 (0.05; 0.43)*	− 0.17 (− 0.43;0.08)			− 0.09 (− 0.31;0.12)	− 0.02 (− 0.18;0.14)
> 50	− 0.34 (− 0.63;− 0.05)*	− 0.08 (− 0.36; 0.20)	− 0.20 (− 0.57;0.16)			− 0.31 (− 0.64;0.02)	− 0.20 (− 0.44;0.04)
2. Gender
Male
Female						− 0.17 (− 0.29;− 0.05)**
3. Marital status
Married
Unmarried		− 0.03 (− 0.16; 0.09)	0.13 (− 0.03;0.29)
4. Location in Dhaka
DNCC^a
DSCC^b			− 0.10 (− 0.23;0.04)
5. Residential unit
High rise^c
Low rise^d	0.14 (0.03;0.25)*	0.13 (0.03; 0.24)*	0.15 (0.02;0.28)*	0.16 (0.03;0.28)*	0.04 (− 0.07;0.16)	0.08 (-0.05;0.21)	0.12 (0.02;0.21)*
Mixed^e	− 0.14 0.14(0.03;0.03)	0.01 (− 0.15; 0.16)	0.11 (− 0.09;0.31)	− 0.10 (− 0.29;0.09)	− 0.19 (− 0.37;− 0.02)*	− 0.24 (− 0.43;− 0.04)*	− 0.09(− 0.23;0.05)
Others	− 0.54 (− 0.78;− 0.30)***	− 0.12 (− 0.34; 0.09)	− 0.28 (− 0.57;0.01)	− 0.30 (− 0.58;− 0.02)*	− 0.54 (-0.79;-0.28)***	− 0.39 (-0.66;-0.11)**	− 0.36 (− 0.57;− 0.16)***
6. Education level
< University
University	0.19 (0.06;0.32)**		0.18 (0.03;0.34)*	0.16 (0.01;0.30)*	0.19 (0.06;0.33)**	0.13 (− 0.02;0.28)	0.15 (0.04;0.26)**
7. Occupation of household head
Business
Government employee	0.14 (0.01;0.26)*	0.09 (− 0.02; 0.21)	0.20 (0.05;0.36)**	0.03 (− 0.11;0.18)	0.10 (− 0.03;0.24)	0.11 (− 0.03;0.26)	0.11 (0.00;0.22)*
Private company employee	− 0.08 (− 0.21;0.05)	0.04 (− 0.08; 0.17)	0.12 (− 0.04;0.28)	− 0.09 (− 0.25;0.06)	− 0.04 (− 0.18;0.10)	− 0.00 (− 0.16;0.15)	− 0.01 (− 0.13;0.10)
Unemployed	− 0.16 (− 0.35;0.03)	− 0.27 (− 0.45; − 0.09)**	− 0.14 (− 0.37;0.09)	− 0.34 (− 0.56;− 0.12)**	− 0.19 (− 0.39;0.01)	− 0.15 (− 0.37;0.07)	− 0.20 (− 0.36;− 0.04)*
8. Monthly income (BDT^f) in household
< 15000
15000–25000	0.09 (− 0.12;0.18)	0.05 (− 0.09; 0.18)	0.09 (− 0.09;0.27)	0.07 (− 0.10;0.24)	0.16 (0.00;0.32)*	0.18 (0.01;0.35)*	0.10 (− 0.03;0.23)
> 25000 but < 50000	0.14 (− 0.00;0.28)	0.07 (− 0.06; 0.20)	0.19 (0.01;0.36)*	0.13 (− 0.03;0.30)	0.25 (0.09;0.40)**	0.32 (0.15;0.49)***	0.19 (0.06;0.31)**
50000–80000	0.11 (− 0.05;0.27)	− 0.02 (− 0.17; 0.13)	0.13 (− 0.07;0.32)	− 0.01 (− 0.19;0.17)	0.18 (0.01;0.35)*	0.26 (0.07;0.44)**	0.11 (− 0.02;0.25)
> 80000	0.09 (− 0.11;0.30)	0.13 (− 0.05; 0.31)	0.29 (0.05;0.53)*	− 0.00 (− 0.24;0.23)	0.13 (− 0.08;0.34)	0.27 (0.04;0.51)*	0.16 (− 0.01;0.33)
9. Experience of previous earthquake
Yes
No	− 20 (− 0.38;0.02)*		− 0.14 (− 0.35;0.08)	− 0.24 (− 0.45;-0.04)*	− 0.09 (− 0.28;0.09)	− 0.18 (− 0.38;0.03)	− 0.15 (− 0.30;0.00)
10. Participation in earthquake-related drill/exercise/workshop
Yes
No	− 0.32 (− 0.42;-0.21)***	− 0.47 (− 0.57; − 0.37)***	− 0.32 (− 0.45;− 0.19)***	− 0.46 (− 0.58;-0.33)***	− 0.33 (− 0.45;− 0.22)***	− 0.34 (− 0.47;-0.22)***	− 0.37 (− 0.47;− 0.28)***
	R² = 0.18	R² = 0.12	R² = 0.12	R² = 0.14	R² = 0.15	R² = 0.14	R² = 0.20

The beta coefficient indicates how the outcome variable varies for each one-unit change in the predictor variable (Swinscow and Campbell 2002)
DNCC^a Dhaka North City Corporation, DSCC^b Dhaka South City Corporation, High rise^c > 5-floor building, Low rise^d < 5-floor building, Mixed^e shop, factory, office, and residence in the same building, BDT^f Bangladeshi Taka. β^# Beta (coefficient). CI confidence interval
^*p < 0.05
^**p < 0.01
^***p < 0.001

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