Table 4 Vulnerability indicator results

Family size

Less than 4

4 to 6

More than 6

131 (33.80)

224 (57.70)

33 (8.50)

64 (33.70)

100 (52.60)

26 (13.70)

67 (33.80)

124 (62.60)

7 (3.50)

0.001**

0.19

Family type

Single

Nuclear

Extended

24 (6.20)

246 (63.40)

118 (30.40)

12 (6.30)

112 (58.90)

66 (34.70)

12 (6.10)

134 (67.70)

52 (26.30)

0.177

0.09

Households with children

Yes

No

304 (78.40)

84 (21.60)

152 (80.00)

38 (20.00)

152 (76.80)

46 (23.20)

0.443

0.04

Households with older adults (> 60 years)

Yes

No

128 (33.00)

260 (67.00)

68 (35.80)

122 (64.20)

60 (30.30)

138 (69.70)

0.298

0.06

Household head's educational attainment

No

Primary

Secondary School

Higher Secondary and above

181 (46.60)

164 (42.30)

27 (7.00)

16 (4.10)

87 (45.80)

82 (43.20)

10 (5.30)

11 (5.80)

94 (47.50)

82 (41.40)

17 (8.60)

5 (2.50)

0.243

0.10

Family members with higher education level (Higher Secondary and above)

Yes

No

66 (17.00)

322 (83.00)

32 (16.80)

158 (83.20)

34 (17.20)

164 (82.80)

1.00

0.00

Households residing periods in the community (in years)

Less than 10

10 to 20

20 to 30

30 to 40

More than 40

28 (7.20)

39 (10.10)

63 (16.20)

110 (28.40)

148 (38.10)

8 (4.20)

11 (5.80)

28 (14.70)

47 (24.70)

96 (50.50)

20 (10.10)

28 (14.10)

35 (17.70)

63 (31.80)

52 (26.30)

0.000***

0.27

Households with disabled members

Yes

No

30 (7.70)

358 (92.30)

11 (5.80)

179 (94.20)

19 (9.60)

179 (90.40)

0.225

0.07

Households with chronically ill members

Yes

No

92 (23.70)

296 (76.30)

46 (24.20)

144 (75.80)

46 (23.20)

152 (76.80)

0.915

0.01

Economic Vulnerability

Indicators

Overall n (%)

Kalmegha n (%)

Patharghata n (%)

p-value

Cramer’s V or Phi (φ)#

Occupation of household

head

Government/Private Job

Trade and commerce

Agriculture

Daily wagers

Unemployed

21 (5.40)

49 (12.60)

201 (51.80)

88 (22.70)

29 (7.50)

10 (5.30)

34 (17.90)

79 (41.60)

50 (26.30)

17 (8.90)

11 (5.60)

15 (7.60)

122 (61.60)

38 (19.20)

12 (6.10)

0.000***

0.22

A secondary source of income

Yes

No

38 (9.80)

350 (90.20)

17 (8.90)

173 (91.10)

21 (10.60)

177 (89.40)

0.705

0.03

Earning members of the households other than the household head

Yes

No

119 (30.70)

269 (69.30)

63 (33.20)

127 (66.80)

56 (28.30)

142 (71.70)

0.352

0.05

Dependency ratio

(dependents to total

household size)

Less than 0.41

0.41 to 1.34

1.35 to 2.29

More than 2.29

105 (27.10)

221 (57.00)

50 (12.90)

12 (3.10)

55 (28.90)

108 (56.80)

22 (11.60)

5 (2.60)

50 (25.30)

113 (57.10)

28 (14.10)

7 (3.50)

0.743

0.06

Average annual

household's income

Less than 50,000

50,000–100,000

100,000–150,000

More than 150,000

48 (12.40)

109 (28.10)

136 (35.10)

95 (24.50)

21 (11.10)

51 (26.80)

70 (36.80)

48 (25.30)

27 (13.60)

58 (29.30)

66 (33.30)

47 (23.70)

0.762

0.05

Outside-the-community-working family members

Yes

No

35 (9.00)

353 (91.00)

18 (9.50)

172 (90.50)

17 (8.60)

181 (91.40)

0.898

0.01

Easily convertible (to cash) assets

Yes

No

214 (55.20)

174 (44.80)

102 (53.70)

88 (46.30)

112 (56.60)

86 (43.40)

0.639

0.03

If a cyclone occurred today, would you be able to cover the costs?

Yes

No

35 (9.00)

353 (91.00)

14 (7.40)

176 (92.60)

21 (10.60)

177 (89.40)

0.349

0.06

Physical Vulnerability

Indicators

Overall n (%)

Kalmegha n (%)

Patharghata n (%)

p-value

Cramer’s V or Phi (φ)#

Age of house (in years)

Less than 5

5 to 10

10 to 15

More than 15

52 (13.40)

61 (15.70)

177 (45.60)

98 (25.30)

18 (9.50)

31 (16.30)

88 (46.30)

53 (27.90)

34 (17.20)

30 (15.20)

89 (44.90)

45 (22.70)

0.142

0.12

Construction materials of household

Katcha (Tin-shed, Mud)

Semi Pacca (Mixed with tin and brick)

Pacca (Brick, Cement)

348 (89.70)

27 (7.00)

13 (3.40)

171 (90.00)

10 (5.30)

9 (4.70)

177 (89.40)

17 (8.60)

4 (2.00)

0.159

0.09

House elevation from flat land

Yes

No

382 (98.50)

6 (1.50)

188 (98.90)

2 (1.10)

194 (98.00)

4 (2.00)

0.685

0.04

Distance between households and nearest cyclone shelter (in km)

Less than 1

1 to 5

5 to 10

148 (38.10)

228 (58.80)

12 (3.10)

54 (28.40)

124 (65.30)

12 (6.30)

94 (47.50)

104 (52.50)

0 (0.00)

0.000***

0.25

Distance between nearest medical facility and households (in km)

Less than 1

1 to 5

5 to 10

63 (16.20)

286 (73.70)

39 (10.10)

14 (7.40)

165 (86.80)

11 (5.80)

49 (24.70)

121 (61.10)

28 (14.10)

0.000***

0.29

Condition of the closest cyclone shelter's WASH Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

153 (39.40)

91 (23.50)

144 (37.10)

73 (38.40)

57 (30.00)

60 (31.60)

80 (40.40)

34 (17.20)

84 (42.40)

0.007**

0.16

Conditions of the nearest medical facility

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

157 (40.50)

47 (12.10)

184 (47.40)

66 (34.70)

28 (14.70)

96 (50.50)

91 (46.00)

19 (9.60)

88 (44.40)

0.053

0.12

Household's access to proper sanitation

Yes

No

42 (10.80)

346 (89.20)

23 (12.10)

167 (87.90)

19 (9.60)

179 (90.40)

0.528

0.04

Electricity to the household

Yes

No

363 (93.60)

25 (6.40)

184 (96.80)

6 (3.20)

179 (90.40)

19 (9.60)

0.017*

0.13

Source of communication (Radio, TV, Mobile)

Yes

No

373 (96.10)

15 (3.90)

181 (95.30)

9 (4.70)

192 (97.00)

6 (3.00)

0.543

0.04

Institutional Vulnerability

Indicators

Overall n (%)

Kalmegha n (%)

Patharghata n (%)

p-value

Cramer’s V or Phi (φ)#

Understand early warning

Yes

No

143 (36.90)

245 (63.10)

71 (37.40) 119 (62.60)

72 (36.40)

126 (63.60)

0.920

0.01

Knowledge about cyclone

Yes

No

58 (14.90)

330 (85.10)

22 (11.60)

168 (88.40)

36 (18.20)

162 (81.80)

0.093

0.09

Knowledge about evacuation routes Yes

No

358 (92.30)

30 (7.70)

177 (93.20)

13 (6.80)

181 (91.40)

17 (8.60)

0.651

0.03

Frequency of public-awareness campaigns, exercises, and training

Often

Rarely

Never

34 (8.80)

85 (21.90)

269 (69.30)

12 (6.30)

31 (16.30)

147 (77.40)

22 (11.10)

54 (27.30)

122 (61.60)

0.003**

0.17

Received government relief after cyclone

Yes

No

299 (77.10)

89 (22.90)

141 (74.20)

49 (25.80)

158 (79.80)

40 (20.20)

0.235

0.07

Received humanitarian aid from NGO/INGO after cyclone

Yes

No

243 (62.60)

145 (37.40)

120 (63.20)

70 (36.80)

123 (62.10)

75 (37.90)

0.915

0.01

Unequal relief distribution

Yes

No

276 (71.10)

112 (28.90)

132 (69.50)

58 (30.50)

144 (72.70)

54 (27.30)

0.552

0.04

Unequal humanitarian aid distribution

Yes

No

177 (45.60)

211 (54.40)

78 (41.10)

112 (58.90)

99 (50.00)

99 (50.00)

0.095

0.09

Attitudinal vulnerability

Indicators

Overall n (%)

Kalmegha n (%)

Patharghata n (%)

p-value

Cramer’s V or Phi (φ)#

Community cooperation during cyclones

Poor

Moderate

Good

90 (23.20)

56 (14.40)

242 (62.40)

39 (20.50)

35 (18.40)

116 (61.10)

51 (25.80)

21 (10.60)

126 (63.60)

0.069

0.12

Communication with local government over the year

Yes

No

187 (48.20)

201 (51.80)

102 (53.70)

88 (46.30)

85 (42.90)

113 (57.10)

0.044

0.11

Households feel afraid of cyclones

Not worried at all

Worried

Very much worried

46 (11.90)

158 (40.70)

184 (47.40)

20 (10.50)

80 (42.10)

90 (47.40)

26 (13.10)

78 (39.40)

94 (47.50)

0.694

0.04

Trust in government

High

Low

Moderate

83 (21.40)

220 (56.70)

85 (21.90)

30 (15.80)

115 (60.50)

45 (23.70)

53 (26.80)

105 (53.00)

40 (20.20)

0.031*

0.13

Evacuation behavior during cyclone

Positive

Negative

324 (83.50)

64 (16.50)

150 (78.90)

40 (21.10)

174 (87.90)

24 (12.10)

0.025*

0.12

Environmental Vulnerability

Indicators

Overall n (%)

Kalmegha n (%)

Patharghata n (%)

p-value

Cramer’s V or Phi (φ)#

Source of drinking water

Ground water

Surface water

16 (4.10)

372 (95.90)

16 (8.40)

174 (91.60)

0 (0.00)

198 (100.00)

0.000***

0.21

The salinity of the drinking water

Yes

No

16 (4.10)

372 (95.90)

16 (8.40)

174 (91.60)

0 (0.00)

198 (100.00)

0.000***

0.21

Trees can act as a natural barrier

Yes

No

191 (49.20)

197 (50.80)

79 (41.60)

111 (58.40)

112 (56.60)

86 (43.40)

0.004**

0.15